All Disciplines – Kavli Institute Pre-Print Publications

Degraded ecosystem soil and type 2 diabetes gut microbiomes share altered potential metabolism for sugars, lignin and branched-chain fatty acids: a blind spot for global health?

Posted by dbos June 23, 2025June 23, 2025This Week: Neuroscience, UCSF

Kavli Affiliate: Robert Edwards | Authors: Craig Liddicoat, Bart A Eijkelkamp, Timothy R Cavagnaro, Jake M Robinson, Kiri Joy Wallace, Andrew D Barnes, Garth Harmsworth, Damien J Keating, Robert A Edwards and Martin F Breed | Summary: The global rise in human allergic and autoimmune diseases is linked to altered environmental microbiome exposures from increasing […]

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Exact linear theory of perturbation response in a space- and feature-dependent cortical circuit model

Posted by dbos June 21, 2025June 23, 2025Columbia, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Kenneth Miller | Authors: Ho Yin Chau, Kenneth D Miller and Agostina Palmigiano | Summary: What are the principles that govern the responses of cortical networks to their inputs and the emergence of these responses from recurrent connectivity? Recent experiments have probed these questions by measuring cortical responses to two-photon optogenetic perturbations of […]

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Predicting the Evolutionary and Functional Landscapes of Viruses with a Unified Nucleotide-Protein Language Model: LucaVirus

Posted by dbos June 20, 2025June 23, 2025Rockefeller, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Li Zhao | Authors: Yuan-Fei Pan, Yong He, Yu-Qi Liu, Yong-Tao Shan, Shu-Ning Liu, Xue Liu, Xiaoyun Pan, Yinqi Bai, Zan Xu, Zheng Wang, Jieping Ye, Edward C. Holmes, Bo Li, Yao-Qing Chen, Zhao-Rong Li and Mang Shi | Summary: Predicting the evolution and function of viruses is a fundamental biological challenge, largely […]

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Experimental realization of the bucket-brigade quantum random access memory

Posted by dbos June 20, 2025June 23, 2025Peking, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Ke Wang | First 5 Authors: Fanhao Shen, Yujie Ji, Debin Xiang, Yanzhe Wang, Ke Wang | Summary: Quantum random access memory (QRAM) enables efficient classical data access for quantum computers — a prerequisite for many quantum algorithms to achieve quantum speedup. Despite various proposals, the experimental realization of QRAM remains largely unexplored. […]

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Extracting Multimodal Learngene in CLIP: Unveiling the Multimodal Generalizable Knowledge

Posted by dbos June 20, 2025June 23, 2025Peking, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Jing Wang | First 5 Authors: Ruiming Chen, Junming Yang, Shiyu Xia, Xu Yang, Jing Wang | Summary: CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) has attracted widespread attention for its multimodal generalizable knowledge, which is significant for downstream tasks. However, the computational overhead of a large number of parameters and large-scale pre-training poses challenges of […]

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XHEMTs on Ultrawide Bandgap Single-Crystal AlN Substrates

Posted by dbos June 20, 2025June 23, 2025Cornell, This Week: Nanoscience

Kavli Affiliate: Grace Xing | First 5 Authors: Eungkyun Kim, Yu-Hsin Chen, Naomi Pieczulewski, Jimy Encomendero, David Anthony Muller | Summary: AlN has the largest bandgap in the wurtzite III-nitride semiconductor family, making it an ideal barrier for a thin GaN channel to achieve strong carrier confinement in field-effect transistors, analogous to silicon-on-insulator technology. Unlike […]

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Disentangling Metallicity Effects in Hot Jupiter Occurrence Across Galactic Birth Radius and Phase-Space Density

Posted by dbos June 19, 2025June 23, 2025MIT, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Andrew Vanderburg | First 5 Authors: Rayna Rampalli, Melissa K. Ness, Elisabeth R. Newton, Andrew Vanderburg, Tobias Buck | Summary: We explore how the correlation between host star metallicity and giant planets shapes hot Jupiter occurrence as a function of Galactic birth radius (rbirth) and phase-space density in the Milky Way disk. Using […]

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A genetic driver of epileptic encephalopathy impairs gating of synaptic glycolysis

Posted by dbos June 19, 2025June 23, 2025Rockefeller, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Timothy A. Ryan | Authors: Zhanat Koshenov, Alexandros C. Kokotos, Lorena Benedetti, Jennifer Lippincott Schwartz and Timothy A. Ryan | Summary: The brain is a disproportionately large consumer of fuel, estimated to expend ∼20% of the whole-body energy budget, and therefore it is critical to adequately control brain fuel expenditures while satisfying its […]

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A Bimodal Metallicity Distribution Function in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxy Reticulum II

Posted by dbos June 19, 2025June 23, 2025MIT, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Anna Frebel | First 5 Authors: Alice M. Luna, Alexander P. Ji, Anirudh Chiti, Joshua D. Simon, Daniel D. Kelson | Summary: Star formation in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs, $M_* <10^5M_odot$) is suppressed by reionization, but may not be completely quenched. The metallicity distribution function (MDF) of stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies could […]

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Cosmic-ray and Interstellar Gas Properties in the Solar Neighborhood Revealed by Diffuse Gamma Rays

Posted by dbos June 19, 2025June 23, 2025Stanford, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Igor V. Moskalenko | First 5 Authors: Tsunefumi Mizuno, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Hinako Ochi, Igor V. Moskalenko, Elena Orlando | Summary: To investigate the interstellar medium (ISM) and Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in the solar neighborhood, we analyzed ${gamma}$-ray data by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) for five nearby molecular cloud regions. Our data […]

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