Kavli Affiliate: Joseph Falson | First 5 Authors: Henry Herzog, Henry Herzog, , , | Summary: Earth observation data presents a unique challenge: it is spatial like images, sequential like video or text, and highly multimodal. We present OlmoEarth: a multimodal, spatio-temporal foundation model that employs a novel self-supervised learning formulation, masking strategy, and loss […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jin Suntivich | First 5 Authors: Dengyang Jiang, Dengyang Jiang, , , | Summary: Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) distills a pre-trained multi-step diffusion model to a few-step one to improve inference efficiency. However, the performance of the latter is often capped by the former. To circumvent this dilemma, we propose DMDR, a novel […]
Kavli Affiliate: Frank Wise | First 5 Authors: Noah B. Frank, Noah B. Frank, , , | Summary: Simulations of chaotic systems can only produce high-fidelity trajectories when the initial and boundary conditions are well specified. When these conditions are unknown but measurements are available, adjoint-variational state estimation can reconstruct a trajectory that is consistent […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kyle Shen | First 5 Authors: Kaiwen Xue, Kaiwen Xue, , , | Summary: Human-defined creativity is highly abstract, posing a challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to comprehend and assess creativity that aligns with human judgments. The absence of an existing benchmark further exacerbates this dilemma. To this end, we propose […]
Kavli Affiliate: Frank Wise | First 5 Authors: Rajesh Karmakar, Rajesh Karmakar, , , | Summary: We seek to design novel multiple testing procedures, which take into account a relevant notion of ”power” or true discovery on the one hand, and allow computationally efficient test design and application on the other. Towards this end we […]
Kavli Affiliate: Austin Minnich | First 5 Authors: Anthony J. Ardizzi, Anthony J. Ardizzi, , , | Summary: Low-noise cryogenic microwave amplifiers are widely used in applications such as radio astronomy and quantum computing. On-wafer noise characterization of cryogenic low-noise transistors is desirable because it facilitates more rapid characterization of devices prior to packaging, but […]
Kavli Affiliate: Frank Wise | First 5 Authors: Kesi Xu, Kesi Xu, , , | Summary: Accurate nuclei detection and classification are fundamental to computational pathology, yet existing approaches are hindered by reliance on detailed expert annotations and insufficient use of tissue context. We present Tissue-Aware Nuclei Detection (TAND), a novel framework achieving joint nuclei […]
Kavli Affiliate: Zhiting Tian | First 5 Authors: James Tian, James Tian, , , | Summary: We study how iterated and composed completely positive maps act on operator-valued kernels. Each kernel is realized inside a single Hilbert space where composition corresponds to applying bounded creation operators to feature vectors. This model yields a direct formula […]
Kavli Affiliate: Daniel Ralph | First 5 Authors: Danielle A. Berg, Danielle A. Berg, , , | Summary: We present the discovery of extreme nitrogen enrichment by Wolf Rayet nitrogen stars (WN) in the metal-poor ($sim10%Z_odot$), lensed, compact ($R_rm effsim20$ pc) galaxy RXCJ2248 at $z=6.1$, revealed by unprecedentedly deep JWST/NIRSpec medium-resolution spectroscopy from the GLIMPSE-D […]
Kavli Affiliate: Grace Xing | First 5 Authors: Hao Wang, Hao Wang, , , | Summary: Text-to-SQL datasets are essential for training and evaluating text-to-SQL models, but existing datasets often suffer from limited coverage and fail to capture the diversity of real-world applications. To address this, we propose a novel taxonomy for text-to-SQL classification based […]