September 11, 2025 – Kavli Institute Pre-Print Publications

Accelerating 3D Photoacoustic Computed Tomography with End-to-End Physics-Aware Neural Operators

Posted by klaurent September 11, 2025September 15, 2025Caltech, This Week: Nanoscience

Kavli Affiliate: Lihong V. Wang | First 5 Authors: Jiayun Wang, Jiayun Wang, , , | Summary: Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, achieving deep-tissue imaging beyond the optical diffusion limit. While three-dimensional PACT systems enable high-resolution volumetric imaging for applications spanning transcranial to breast imaging, current implementations require dense transducer […]

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Comparative single-cell multiomic analysis reveals evolutionarily conserved and species-specific cellular mechanisms mediating natural retinal aging.

Posted by dbos September 11, 2025September 15, 2025Hopkins, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Seth Blackshaw | Authors: Pin Lyu, Isabella Palazzo, yang jin, Leah Campbell, Clayton Santiago, Rogger Carmen-Orzoco, Thanh Hoang, Jared Tangeman, Alexander Park, Shawn Yang, Jianming Shao, Rui Chen, David Hyde, Jiang Qian and Seth Blackshaw | Summary: Biological age is a major risk factor in the development of common degenerative retinal diseases such […]

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Adrenomedullin restores human cortical interneurons migration defects induced by hypoxia

Posted by dbos September 11, 2025September 15, 2025This Week: Neuroscience, UCSF

Kavli Affiliate: Jeremy Willsey | Authors: Alyssa Puno, Wojciech M Michno, Li Li, Amanda Everitt, Kate McCluskey, Saw Htun, Dhriti Nagar, Jong Bin Choi, Yuqin Dai, Seyeon Park, Emily Gurwitz, Jeremy Willsey, Fikri Birey and Anca M Pasca | Summary: Extremely preterm birth (at < 28 postconceptional weeks) leads to brain injury and represents the […]

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Insulin resistance alters cortical inhibitory neurons and microglia to exacerbate Alzheimer knock-in mouse phenotypes

Posted by dbos September 11, 2025September 15, 2025This Week: Neuroscience, Yale

Kavli Affiliate: Stephen Strittmatter | Authors: LaShae Nicholson, Si Jie Tang, Tejaswini Karra, Habiba Abouletta and Stephen M. Strittmatter | Summary: Metabolic dysfunction contributes to the risk and progression of Alzheimer”s disease (AD) through insulin signaling, but the cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effects of streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency […]

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Patterns of neural activity in prelimbic cortex neurons correlate with attentional behavior in the rodent continuous performance test

Posted by dbos September 11, 2025September 15, 2025Hopkins, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Keri Martinowich | Authors: Jorge Alberto Miranda-Barrientos, Suhaas Adiraju, Jason J Rehg, Michael S Totty, Henry Hallock, Ye Li, Greggory Carr and Keri Martinowich | Summary: Sustained attention, the ability to focus on a stimulus or task over extended periods, is crucial for higher level cognition, and is impaired across multiple neuropsychiatric and […]

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Spatiomolecular mapping reveals anatomical organization of heterogeneous cell types in the human nucleus accumbens

Posted by dbos September 11, 2025September 15, 2025Hopkins, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Keri Martinowich | Authors: Prashanthi Ravichandran, Svitlana V. Bach, Robert A. Phillips III, Madeline R. Valentine, Nicholas J. Eagles, Yufeng Du, Ishbel Del Rosario, Ryan A. Miller, Heena R. Divecha, Madhavi Tippani, Kelsey D. Montgomery, Joel E. Kleinman, Shizhong Han, Stephanie Cerceo Page III, Thomas M. Hyde, Leonardo Collado Torres, Alexis Battle, Keri […]

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Progress toward a demonstration of high contrast imaging at ultraviolet wavelengths

Posted by klaurent September 11, 2025September 15, 2025Stanford, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Bruce Macintosh | First 5 Authors: Kyle Van Gorkom, Kyle Van Gorkom, , , | Summary: NASA’s Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) aims to achieve starlight suppression to the $10^-10$ level for the detection and spectral characterization of Earth-like exoplanets. Broadband ozone absorption features are key biosignatures that appear in the 200-400nm near-ultraviolet (UV) […]

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Environmental vs. intrinsic quenching at cosmic noon: Predictions from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations for VLT-MOONRISE

Posted by klaurent September 11, 2025September 15, 2025Cambridge, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Roberto Maiolino | First 5 Authors: Paul H. Goubert, Paul H. Goubert, , , | Summary: We present an investigation into the quenching of simulated galaxies across cosmic time, honing in on the role played by both intrinsic and environmental mechanisms at different epochs. In anticipation of VLT-MOONRISE, the first wide-field spectroscopic galaxy […]

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Harnessing Uncertainty: Entropy-Modulated Policy Gradients for Long-Horizon LLM Agents

Posted by klaurent September 11, 2025September 15, 2025Peking, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Ke Wang | First 5 Authors: Jiawei Wang, Jiawei Wang, , , | Summary: In long-horizon tasks, recent agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) face a significant challenge that sparse, outcome-based rewards make it difficult to assign credit to intermediate steps. Previous methods mainly focus on creating dense reward signals to guide […]

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Bilateral Hydrogenation Realizes High-Temperature Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator in 2D Cr$_text2$Ge$_text2$Te$_text6$

Posted by klaurent September 11, 2025September 15, 2025This Week: Theoretical Physics, UCAS

Kavli Affiliate: Gang Su | First 5 Authors: Xiang Li, Xiang Li, , , | Summary: The pursuit of high-temperature quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulators faces fundamental challenges, including narrow topological gaps and low Curie temperatures ($T_textC$) in existing materials. Here, we propose a transformative strategy using bilateral hydrogenation to engineer a robust QAH state […]

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