Chicago – Kavli Institute Pre-Print Publications

CelloAI Benchmarks: Toward Repeatable Evaluation of AI Assistants

Posted by klaurent March 1, 2026March 4, 2026Chicago, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Salman Habib | Summary:Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly used for software development, yet existing benchmarks for LLM-based coding assistance do not reflect the constraints of High Energy Physics (HEP) and High Performance Computing (HPC) software. Code correctness must respect science constraints and changes must integrate into large, performance-critical codebases with complex dependencies […]

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Discovery of a nearby radio relic in the low-mass, merging cluster Abell 4067

Posted by klaurent February 27, 2026March 4, 2026Chicago, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Lindsey Bleem | Summary:Shock waves generated during cluster mergers offer a powerful probe of how large-scale structure grows and evolves in the Universe. As part of the MeerKAT-South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey, we report the discovery of a single arc-like radio relic in the galaxy cluster Abell 4067 ($z=0.099$), one of the lowest-mass […]

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It’s a matter of time: Empirical Constraints on Supernova Yields and Delay Times from Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies

Posted by klaurent February 25, 2026March 4, 2026Chicago, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Alexander Ji | Summary:The chemical abundances of a stellar population encode information about nucleosynthesis and its astrophysical sites, but this information is confounded by the specific star formation history of the host galaxy. As a result, placing empirical constraints on supernova yields and timing using abundances has been very challenging. We introduce a […]

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The DECam MAGIC Survey: Uncovering the Tidal Tails of the Crater II Dwarf Galaxy

Posted by klaurent February 24, 2026March 4, 2026Chicago, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Alexander Ji | Summary:Crater II (CraII), a large and low-density dwarf spheroidal galaxy, has unusual observed properties that are difficult to reproduce in cold dark matter simulations. Ongoing tidal disruption may help explain the discrepancies, as evidenced by the recent discovery of tidal tails. Here we present metallicity-sensitive narrowband photometry of the Ca […]

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Machine Learning on Heterogeneous, Edge, and Quantum Hardware for Particle Physics (ML-HEQUPP)

Posted by klaurent February 24, 2026March 4, 2026Chicago, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: David W. Miller | Summary:The next generation of particle physics experiments will face a new era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing this data for scientific discovery demands real-time inference and decision-making, intelligent data reduction, and efficient processing architectures […]

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A Chemodynamical Census of the Milky Way’s Ultra-Faint Compact Satellites. I. A First Population-Level Look at the Internal Kinematics and Metallicities of 19 Extremely-Low-Mass Halo Stellar Systems

Posted by klaurent February 19, 2026March 3, 2026Chicago

Kavli Affiliate: Alexander Ji | Summary:Deep, wide-area photometric surveys have uncovered a population of compact ($r_1/2 approx$ 1-15 pc), extremely-low-mass ($M_* approx$ 20-4000 $M_odot$) stellar systems in the Milky Way halo that are smaller in size than known ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) and substantially fainter than most classical globular clusters (GCs). Very little is known […]

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Building an AI-native Research Ecosystem for Experimental Particle Physics: A Community Vision

Posted by klaurent February 19, 2026March 3, 2026Chicago

Kavli Affiliate: David W. Miller | Summary:Experimental particle physics seeks to understand the universe by probing its fundamental particles and forces and exploring how they govern the large-scale processes that shape cosmic evolution. This whitepaper presents a vision for how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can accelerate discovery in this field. We outline grand challenges that must […]

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Under Pressure: UV Emission Line Ratios as Barometers of AGN Feedback Mechanisms

Posted by klaurent February 19, 2026March 3, 2026Chicago

Kavli Affiliate: Hsiaowen Chen |Summary:Feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is widely acknowledged to regulate the growth of massive galaxies, though its driving mechanisms are debated. Prevailing theories suggest that AGN-driven outflows are driven either by radiation pressure acting directly on the dusty interstellar medium (ISM) or by hot winds entraining cooler ISM gas, but […]

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Integrated Photonic Polarization Synthesizer and Analyzer

Posted by klaurent February 19, 2026March 3, 2026Chicago

Kavli Affiliate: David W. Miller | Summary:Polarization-resolved control and measurement of the optical field are essential for a wide range of photonic systems, including coherent communication, polarimetric sensing, and quantum information processing. We present a photonic integrated circuit that enables the generation and analysis of arbitrary polarization states. The device provides reconfigurable access to the […]

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Supersymmetry and Nonreciprocity

Posted by klaurent February 18, 2026March 3, 2026Chicago

Kavli Affiliate: Savdeep Sethi | Summary:Nonreciprocal theories are used to model a broad array of non-equilibrium phenomena found in nature ranging from biological systems like networks of neurons to the behavior of overflowing water fountains. This includes systems broadly classified as active matter systems. We show that the stochastic theories which describe nonreciprocal interactions can […]

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