All Disciplines – Page 6 – Kavli Institute Pre-Print Publications

IF-VidCap: Can Video Caption Models Follow Instructions?

Posted by klaurent October 21, 2025October 27, 2025Peking, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Jing Wang | First 5 Authors: Shihao Li, Shihao Li, , , | Summary: Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in video captioning, practical applications require captions that follow specific user instructions rather than generating exhaustive, unconstrained descriptions. Current benchmarks, however, primarily assess descriptive comprehensiveness while largely overlooking instruction-following capabilities. […]

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Every Benchmark All at Once

Posted by klaurent October 21, 2025October 27, 2025Delft, This Week: Nanoscience

Kavli Affiliate: Eliska Greplova | First 5 Authors: Ana Silva, Ana Silva, , , | Summary: As quantum technology matures, the efficient benchmarking of quantum devices remains a key challenge. Although sample-efficient, information-theoretic benchmarking techniques have recently been proposed, there is still a gap in adapting these techniques to contemporary experiments. In this work, we […]

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A Definition of AGI

Posted by klaurent October 21, 2025October 27, 2025MIT, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: Dan Hendrycks, Dan Hendrycks, , , | Summary: The lack of a concrete definition for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) obscures the gap between today’s specialized AI and human-level cognition. This paper introduces a quantifiable framework to address this, defining AGI as matching the cognitive versatility and proficiency […]

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A Quantum Algorithm for the Finite Element Method

Posted by klaurent October 20, 2025October 27, 2025Berkeley, This Week: Nanoscience

Kavli Affiliate: Birgitta Whaley | First 5 Authors: Ahmad M. Alkadri, Ahmad M. Alkadri, , , | Summary: The finite element method (FEM) is a cornerstone numerical technique for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Here, we present $textbfQu-FEM$, a fault-tolerant era quantum algorithm for the finite element method. In contrast to other quantum PDE solvers, […]

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World-in-World: World Models in a Closed-Loop World

Posted by klaurent October 20, 2025October 27, 2025This Week: Theoretical Physics, UCAS

Kavli Affiliate: Cheng Peng | First 5 Authors: Jiahan Zhang, Jiahan Zhang, , , | Summary: Generative world models (WMs) can now simulate worlds with striking visual realism, which naturally raises the question of whether they can endow embodied agents with predictive perception for decision making. Progress on this question has been limited by fragmented […]

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Discovery of Powerful Multi-Velocity Ultra-Fast Outflows in the Starburst Merger Galaxy IRAS 05189$-$2524 with XRISM

Posted by klaurent October 20, 2025October 27, 2025MIT, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Erin Kara | First 5 Authors: Hirofumi Noda, Hirofumi Noda, , , | Summary: We observed the X-ray-bright ultra-luminous infrared galaxy, IRAS 05189$-$2524, with XRISM during its performance verification phase. The unprecedented energy resolution of the onboard X-ray microcalorimeter revealed complex spectral features at $sim$7$-$9 keV, which can be interpreted as blueshifted Fe […]

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Humans share acoustic preferences with other animals

Posted by dbos October 20, 2025October 29, 2025Columbia, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Sarah Woolley | Authors: Logan S James, Sarah C Woolley, Jon T Sakata, Courtney B Hilton, Michael J Ryan and Samuel A Mehr | Summary: Many animals produce sounds during courtship, and receivers prefer some sounds over others. Shared ancestry and convergent evolution may generate similarities in preference across species and could underlie […]

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Relics of High-redshift Compaction in our Backyard: The Most Metal-poor Stars in the Proto-Galaxy

Posted by klaurent October 20, 2025October 27, 2025Peking, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Huawei Zhang | First 5 Authors: Shenglan Sun, Shenglan Sun, , , | Summary: The earliest assembly of the Milky Way (MW) remains poorly understood, yet the spatial, chemical, and kinematic properties of its most metal-poor stars provide a unique fossil record of its proto-Galaxy phase. Understanding how this ancient component formed is […]

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Context-Aware Pseudo-Label Scoring for Zero-Shot Video Summarization

Posted by klaurent October 20, 2025October 27, 2025This Week: Theoretical Physics, UCAS

Kavli Affiliate: Long Zhang | First 5 Authors: Yuanli Wu, Yuanli Wu, , , | Summary: We propose a rubric-guided, pseudo-labeled, and prompt-driven zero-shot video summarization framework that bridges large language models with structured semantic reasoning. A small subset of human annotations is converted into high-confidence pseudo labels and organized into dataset-adaptive rubrics defining clear […]

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DNA methylation profiles in diabetic embryos

Posted by dbos October 19, 2025October 27, 2025Rockefeller

Endothelial type I interferon signaling modulates the vascular response to ischemic brain injury Kavli Affiliate: Li Zhao | Authors: Pu-Yu Li, Fu-Li Zhao, Yi-Juan Song, Bing-Yao Lei, Hao-Jin Niu, Ying-Fang Wang and Hong-Wei Jiang | Summary: Maternal diabetes leads to neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. DNA methylation could be associated with NTDs induced by […]

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