Kavli Affiliate: Igor V. Moskalenko | First 5 Authors: Mikhail A. Malkov, Igor V. Moskalenko, , , | Summary: A recently observed bump in the cosmic ray (CR) spectrum from 0.3–30 TV is likely caused by a stellar bow shock that reaccelerates emph{preexisting} CRs, which further propagate to the Sun along the magnetic field lines. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Gregory Herczeg | First 5 Authors: Logan Francis, Doug Johnstone, Gregory Herczeg, Todd R. Hunter, Daniel Harsono | Summary: A diverse array of science goals require accurate flux calibration of observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter array (ALMA), however, this goal remains challenging due to the stochastic time-variability of the “grid” quasars ALMA […]
Kavli Affiliate: Yevgeny V. Stadnik | First 5 Authors: Yevgeny V. Stadnik, , , , | Summary: Quasar absorption spectral data indicate the presence of a spatial gradient in the electromagnetic fine-structure constant $alpha$ on cosmological length scales. We point out that experiments with accelerometers, including torsion pendula and atom interferometers, can be used as […]
Kavli Affiliate: John E. Carlstrom | First 5 Authors: Dimitrios Psaltis, Lia Medeiros, Pierre Christian, Feryal Ozel, Kazunori Akiyama | Summary: The 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the central source in M87 have led to the first measurement of the size of a black-hole shadow. This observation offers a new and clean gravitational […]
Kavli Affiliate: Austin Joyce | First 5 Authors: Lam Hui, Austin Joyce, Riccardo Penco, Luca Santoni, Adam R. Solomon | Summary: We derive the quadratic action for the physical degrees of freedom of massless spin-0, spin-1, and spin-2 perturbations on a Schwarzschild–(A)dS background in arbitrary dimensions. We then use these results to compute the static […]
Kavli Affiliate: Mark J. Bowick | First 5 Authors: Suraj Shankar, Anton Souslov, Mark J. Bowick, M. Cristina Marchetti, Vincenzo Vitelli | Summary: Active matter encompasses different nonequilibrium systems in which individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces or motion at the microscale. This review provides an elementary introduction to the role of topology in […]
Kavli Affiliate: Cees Dekker | First 5 Authors: Nils Klughammer, Cees Dekker, , , | Summary: Holes in metal films block any transmitting light if the wavelength is much larger than the hole diameter, establishing such nanopores as so-called Zero Mode Waveguides (ZMWs). Molecules on the other hand, can still passage through these holes. We […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jiansheng Chen | First 5 Authors: Yiqing Huang, Jiansheng Chen, , , | Summary: Existing image captioning models are usually trained by cross-entropy (XE) loss and reinforcement learning (RL), which set ground-truth words as hard targets and force the captioning model to learn from them. However, the widely adopted training strategies suffer from […]
Kavli Affiliate: Erik Shirokoff | First 5 Authors: Joaquin Vieira, James Aguirre, C. Matt Bradford, Jeffrey Filippini, Christopher Groppi | Summary: Understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies over cosmic time is one of the foremost goals of astrophysics and cosmology today. The cosmic star formation rate has undergone a dramatic evolution over the course […]
Kavli Affiliate: Menno Veldhorst | First 5 Authors: Xiao Xue, Bishnu Patra, Jeroen P. G. van Dijk, Nodar Samkharadze, Sushil Subramanian | Summary: The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors hosting millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications. A major challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current solid-state qubit […]