Kavli Affiliate: David T. Limmer | First 5 Authors: Aditya N. Singh, Avishek Das, David T. Limmer, , | Summary: This article reviews the concepts and methods of variational path sampling. These methods allow computational studies of rare events in systems driven arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Based upon a statistical mechanics of trajectory space and […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jill Leutgeb | Authors: Mengni Wang, Li Yuan, Stefan Leutgeb and Jill K. Leutgeb | Summary: Mental exploration enables flexible evaluation of potential future choices, guiding decision-making without requiring direct real-world iterations. Although the hippocampus is known to be active while imagining the future, the precise mechanisms that support mental exploration of future […]
Kavli Affiliate: Roberto Maiolino | First 5 Authors: Dávid Puskás, Sandro Tacchella, Charlotte Simmonds, Kevin Hainline, Francesco D’Eugenio | Summary: We present a comprehensive analysis of galaxy close-pair fractions and major merger rates to evaluate the importance of mergers in the hierarchical growth of galaxies over cosmic time. This study focuses on the previously poorly […]
Kavli Affiliate: David A. Muller | First 5 Authors: Tomojit Chowdhury, Fauzia Mujid, Zehra Naqvi, Ariana Ray, Ce Liang | Summary: Controlling the spectral and polarization responses of two-dimensional (2D) crystals is vital for developing ultra-thin platforms for compact optoelectronic devices. However, independently tuning optical anisotropy and spectral response remains challenging in conventional semiconductors due […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: David D. Baek, Ziming Liu, Riya Tyagi, Max Tegmark, | Summary: In this paper, we introduce **harmonic loss** as an alternative to the standard cross-entropy loss for training neural networks and large language models (LLMs). Harmonic loss enables improved interpretability and faster convergence, owing to its scale […]
Kavli Affiliate: V. S. Ramachandran | Authors: Nannan Wang, Franklin P. Ockerman, Laura Y. Zhou, Megan L Grove, Taryn Alkis, John Barnard, Russell P. Bowler, Clary B. Clish, Shinhye Chung, Emily Drzymalla, Anne M. Evans, Nora Franceschini, Robert E. Gerszten, Madeline G. Gillman, Scott R. Hutton, Rachel S. Kelly, Charles Kooperberg, Martin G. Larson, Jessica […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jing Wang | First 5 Authors: Chao Chen, Shu-Tian Xue, Yu-Peng Shi, Jing Wang, Zi-Mo Cheng | Summary: The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is a paradigmatic quantum phenomenon demonstrating the interference of two indistinguishable photons that are linearly coupled at a 50:50 beam splitter. Here, we transpose such a two-particle quantum interference effect to the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Li Xin Li | First 5 Authors: Zeyu Wang, Yao-Hui Li, Xin Li, Hongyu Zang, Romain Laroche | Summary: Multi-View Reinforcement Learning (MVRL) seeks to provide agents with multi-view observations, enabling them to perceive environment with greater effectiveness and precision. Recent advancements in MVRL focus on extracting latent representations from multiview observations and […]
Kavli Affiliate: Lijing Shao | First 5 Authors: Yiming Dong, Ziming Wang, Hai-Tian Wang, Junjie Zhao, Lijing Shao | Summary: Gravitational-wave (GW) ringdown signals from black holes (BHs) encode crucial information about the gravitational dynamics in the strong-field regime, which offers unique insights into BH properties. In the future, the improving sensitivity of GW detectors […]
Kavli Affiliate: Michael Shadlen | Authors: Ariel Zylberberg and Michael N Shadlen | Summary: Confidence in a decision is the belief, prior to feedback, that one’s choice is correct. In the brain, many decisions are implemented as a race between competing evidence-accumulation processes. We ask whether the neurons that represent evidence accumulation also carry information […]