February 2025 – Page 2 – Kavli Institute Pre-Print Publications

Deployment and validation of predictive 6-dimensional beam diagnostics through generative reconstruction with standard accelerator elements

Posted by klaurent February 28, 2025Tokyo

Kavli Affiliate: Young-kee Kim | Summary:Understanding the 6-dimensional phase space distribution of particle beams is essential for optimizing accelerator performance. Conventional diagnostics such as use of transverse deflecting cavities offer detailed characterization but require dedicated hardware and space. Generative phase space reconstruction (GPSR) methods have shown promise in beam diagnostics, yet prior implementations still rely […]

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Multi2: Multi-Agent Test-Time Scalable Framework for Multi-Document Processing

Posted by dbos February 27, 2025Berkeley

Kavli Affiliate: Xiang Zhang | First 5 Authors: Juntai Cao, Xiang Zhang, Raymond Li, Chuyuan Li, Shafiq Joty | Summary: Recent advances in test-time scaling have shown promising results in improving Large Language Models (LLMs) performance through strategic computation allocation during inference. While this approach has demonstrated strong performance improvements in logical and mathematical reasoning […]

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Communication-Efficient and Differentially Private Vertical Federated Learning with Zeroth-Order Optimization

Posted by klaurent February 27, 2025Chicago

Kavli Affiliate: Hsiaowen Chen| First 5 Authors: [#item_custom_name[1, [#item_custom_name[2, [#item_custom_name[3, [#item_custom_name[4, [#item_custom_name[5| Summary:Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) enables collaborative model training across feature-partitioned devices, yet its reliance on device-server information exchange introduces significant communication overhead and privacy risks. Downlink communication from the server to devices in VFL exposes gradient-related signals of the global loss that can […]

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On the Extremely X-ray Variable Active Galactic Nuclei in the XMM-LSS Field

Posted by dbos February 27, 2025Peking

Kavli Affiliate: Linhua Jiang | First 5 Authors: Zijian Zhang, Bin Luo, Linhua Jiang, W. N. Brandt, Jian Huang | Summary: We present a systematic investigation of extremely X-ray variable active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the $approx 5.3~{rm deg}^2$ XMM-SERVS XMM-LSS region. Eight variable AGNs are identified with rest-frame 2 keV flux density variability amplitudes […]

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On the Extremely X-ray Variable Active Galactic Nuclei in the XMM-LSS Field

Posted by dbos February 27, 2025Peking

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Focus-Tunable Two-Photon Fiberscope Enabling in vivo Imaging at Selected Depths

Posted by dbos February 27, 2025March 12, 2025Hopkins

Kavli Affiliate: Xingde Li | Authors: Yuehan Liu, Jiayun Laurie Huang and Xingde Li | Summary: Miniaturized two-photon imaging devices enable real-time in vivo and in situ imaging at subcellular resolution, highly valuable for clinical applications and basic research (such as neuroscience). However, achieving high-quality volumetric imaging at varying depths remains challenging. In this study, […]

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Full-sky Models of Galactic Microwave Emission and Polarization at Sub-arcminute Scales for the Python Sky Model

Posted by klaurent February 27, 2025Stanford

Kavli Affiliate: Susan Clark | Summary:Polarized foreground emission from the Galaxy is one of the biggest challenges facing current and upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments. We develop new models of polarized Galactic dust and synchrotron emission at CMB frequencies that draw on the latest observational constraints, that employ the “polarization fraction tensor” framework […]

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Full-sky Models of Galactic Microwave Emission and Polarization at Sub-arcminute Scales for the Python Sky Model

Posted by dbos February 27, 2025Stanford

Kavli Affiliate: Susan E. Clark | First 5 Authors: The Pan-Experiment Galactic Science Group, :, Julian Borrill, Susan E. Clark, Jacques Delabrouille | Summary: Polarized foreground emission from the Galaxy is one of the biggest challenges facing current and upcoming cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiments. We develop new models of polarized Galactic dust and […]

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Aeos: The Impact of Population III Initial Mass Function and Star-by-Star Models in Galaxy Simulations

Posted by klaurent February 27, 2025MIT

Kavli Affiliate: Anna Frebel | Summary:We explore the effect of variations in the Population III (Pop III) initial mass function (IMF) and star-by-star feedback on early galaxy formation and evolution using the Aeos simulations. We compare simulations with two different Pop III IMFs: $M_textchar = 10 , mathrmM_odot$ and $M_rm max = 100 , mathrmM_odot$ […]

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Duality viewpoint of noninvertible symmetry protected topological phases

Posted by klaurent February 27, 2025Tokyo

Kavli Affiliate: Masahito Yamazaki | Summary:Recent advancements in generalized symmetries have drawn significant attention to gapped phases of matter exhibiting novel symmetries, such as noninvertible symmetries. By leveraging the duality transformations, the classification and construction of gapped phases with noninvertible symmetry can be mapped to those involving conventional group symmetries. We demonstrate this approach by […]

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