Neuroscience – Page 33 – Kavli Institute Pre-Print Publications

Metric Ion Classification (MIC): A deep learning tool for assigning ions and waters in cryo-EM and x-ray crystallography structures

Posted by dbos March 19, 2024April 1, 2024UCSF

Kavli Affiliate: Michael Keiser | Authors: Laura Shub, Wenjin Liu, Georgios Skiniotis, Michael J. Keiser and Michael J. Robertson | Summary: At sufficiently high resolution, x-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy are capable of resolving small spherical map features corresponding to either water or ions. Correct classification of these sites provides crucial insight for understanding […]

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Chronic Ethanol Exposure Produces Persistent Impairment in Cognitive Flexibility and Decision Signals in the Striatum

Posted by dbos March 19, 2024October 28, 2024Hopkins

Kavli Affiliate: Daeyeol Lee and Patricia Janak | Authors: Yifeng Cheng, Robin Magnard, Angela Langdon, Daeyeol Lee and Patricia H. Janak | Summary: Value-based decision-making relies on the striatum, where neural plasticity can be altered by chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure, but the effects of such plasticity on striatal neural dynamics during decision-making remain unclear. This […]

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Representing the dynamics of natural marmoset vocal behaviors in frontal cortex

Posted by dbos March 17, 2024March 25, 2024UCSD / Salk

Kavli Affiliate: Cory Miller | Authors: Jingwen Li, Mikio Christian Aoi and Cory Miller | Summary: Here we tested the respective contributions of primate premotor and prefrontal cortex to support vocal behavior. We applied a model-based GLM analysis that better accounts for the inherent variance in natural, continuous behaviors to characterize the activity of neurons […]

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Social state gates vision using three circuit mechanisms in Drosophila

Posted by dbos March 17, 2024March 25, 2024Rockefeller

Kavli Affiliate: Vanessa Ruta | Authors: Catherine E. Schretter, Tom Hindmarsh Sten, Nathan Klapoetke, Mei Shao, Aljoscha Nern, Marisa Dreher, Daniel Bushey, Alice A. Robie, Adam L. Taylor, Kristin M. Branson, Adriane Otopalik, Vanessa Ruta and Gerald M. Rubin | Summary: Animals are often bombarded with visual information and must prioritize specific visual features based […]

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Sparse-Coding Variational Auto-Encoders

Posted by dbos March 15, 2024March 25, 2024Hopkins

Kavli Affiliate: Adam S. Charles | Authors: Victor Geadah, G. Barello, Adam Charles and Jonathan Pillow | Summary: The sparse coding model posits that the visual system has evolved to efficiently code natural stimuli using a sparse set of features from an overcomplete dictionary. The original sparse coding model suffered from two key limitations, however: […]

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Dynamic fibroblast-immune interactions shape wound healing after brain injury

Posted by dbos March 15, 2024March 25, 2024UCSF

Kavli Affiliate: Anna Molofsky and Jeanne Paz | Authors: Nathan A. Ewing-Crystal, Nicholas M. Mroz, Anthony A. Chang, Eric Dean Merrill, Sofia E. Caryotakis, Leon Teo, Amara Larpthaveesarp, Tatsuya Tsukui, Aditya Katewa, Remy Pennington, Gabriel L. McKinsey, Sophia Nelson, Agnieszka Ciesielska, Madelene W. Dahlgren, Helena Paidassi, Saket Jain, Manish K. Aghi, James A. Bourne, Jeanne […]

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Pavlovian cue-evoked alcohol seeking is disrupted by ventral pallidal inhibition

Posted by dbos March 14, 2024March 25, 2024Hopkins

Kavli Affiliate: Damon Clark | Authors: Patricia Janak | Summary: Cues paired with alcohol can be potent drivers of craving, alcohol-seeking, consumption, and relapse. While the ventral pallidum is implicated in appetitive and consummatory responses across several reward classes and types of behaviors, its role in behavioral responses to Pavlovian alcohol cues has not previously […]

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Adaptation to visual sparsity enhances responses to infrequent stimuli

Posted by dbos March 14, 2024March 25, 2024Yale

Kavli Affiliate: Damon Clark | Authors: Tong Gou, Catherine A Matulis and Damon A Clark | Summary: Sensory systems adapt their response properties to the statistics of their inputs. For instance, visual systems adapt to low-order statistics like mean and variance to encode the stimulus efficiently or to facilitate specific downstream computations. However, it remains […]

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Neurexin drives C. elegans avoidance behavior independently of its post-synaptic binding partner Neuroligin

Posted by dbos March 14, 2024March 25, 2024UCSD / Salk

Kavli Affiliate: Sreekanth Chalasani | Authors: Caroline S Muirhead, Kirthi C Reddy, Sophia Guerra, Michael Rieger, Michael P Hart, Jagan Srinivasan and Sreekanth H Chalasani | Summary: Neurexins and their canonical binding partners, neuroligins, are localized to neuronal pre-, and post-synapses, respectively, but less is known about their role in driving behaviors. Here, we use […]

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Astrocyte CCN1 stabilizes neural circuits in the adult brain

Posted by dbos March 14, 2024March 25, 2024UCSD / Salk

Kavli Affiliate: Nicola Allen | Authors: Laura Sancho, Matthew M Boisvert, Trinity Dawoodtabar, Jillybeth Burgado, Ellen Wang and Nicola J Allen | Summary: Neural circuits in many brain regions are refined by experience. Sensory circuits support higher plasticity at younger ages during critical periods – times of circuit refinement and maturation – and limit plasticity […]

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