Kavli Affiliate: Mark Vogelsberger | First 5 Authors: Claire E. Williams, William Lake, Smadar Naoz, Blakesley Burkhart, Tommaso Treu | Summary: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is capable of probing extremely early eras of our Universe when the supersonic relative motions between dark matter and baryonic overdensities modulate structure formation ($z>sim 10$). We study […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi Wesley Masui | First 5 Authors: Yitian Sun, Katelin Schutz, Harper Sewalls, Calvin Leung, Kiyoshi Wesley Masui | Summary: Axion dark matter (DM) produces echo images of bright radio sources via stimulated decay. These images appear as a faint radio line centered at half the axion mass, with the line width set […]
Kavli Affiliate: Mark Vogelsberger | First 5 Authors: Meredith Neyer, Aaron Smith, Rahul Kannan, Mark Vogelsberger, Enrico Garaldi | Summary: An important characteristic of cosmic reionization is the growth of ionized gas bubbles surrounding early luminous objects. Understanding the connections between the formation and coalescence of these bubbles and their originating astrophysical sources is equally […]
Kavli Affiliate: Xiang Zhang | First 5 Authors: Minhua Lin, Teng Xiao, Enyan Dai, Xiang Zhang, Suhang Wang | Summary: Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has emerged as a popular unsupervised graph representation learning method. However, it has been shown that GCL is vulnerable to adversarial attacks on both the graph structure and node attributes. Although […]
Kavli Affiliate: Feng Wang | First 5 Authors: Guoyizhe Wei, Feng Wang, Anshul Shah, Rama Chellappa, | Summary: Federated learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm that allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a shared model with their local data. Nonetheless, conventional federated learning algorithms often struggle to generalize well due to the ubiquitous domain […]
Kavli Affiliate: Roberto Maiolino | First 5 Authors: Michele Perna, Santiago Arribas, Isabella Lamperti, Chiara Circosta, Elena Bertola | Summary: Merger events can trigger gas accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs) sitting at the centre of galaxies, and form close pairs of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The fraction of AGN in pairs gives key information […]
Kavli Affiliate: Mark Ellisman | Authors: Stephen R Adams, Mason R Mackey, Ranjan Ramachandra, Thomas J Deerinck, Guillaume A Castillon, Sebastien Phan, Junru Hu, Daniela Boassa, John T Ngo and Mark H Ellisman | Summary: We introduce Fe-TAML, a small molecule-based peroxidase as a versatile new member of the correlated fluorescence and electron microscopy toolkit. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: Ziming Liu, Max Tegmark, , , | Summary: Neural scaling laws (NSL) refer to the phenomenon where model performance improves with scale. Sharma & Kaplan analyzed NSL using approximation theory and predict that MSE losses decay as $N^{-alpha}$, $alpha=4/d$, where $N$ is the number of model parameters, […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: Wes Gurnee, Max Tegmark, , , | Summary: The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have sparked debate over whether such systems just learn an enormous collection of superficial statistics or a coherent model of the data generating process — a world model. We find evidence for […]
Kavli Affiliate: Simeon Hellerman | First 5 Authors: Matthew Dodelson, Simeon Hellerman, Masataka Watanabe, Masahito Yamazaki, | Summary: It is shown that integrability is an accidental property of generic two-dimensional $O(2)$-symmetric asymptotically-free theories in the regime where the charge density is much larger than the dynamical scale. We show this by constructing an infinite tower […]