Kavli Affiliate: Roger W. Romani | First 5 Authors: Jack T. Dinsmore, Jack T. Dinsmore, , , | Summary: As the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) measures increasingly faint sources, the need for precise polarimetry extraction becomes paramount. In addition to previously described neural-net (NN) weights, we introduce here point-spread function weights and particle background […]
Kavli Affiliate: Lijing Shao | First 5 Authors: Ziming Wang, Ziming Wang, , , | Summary: With the significantly improved sensitivity and a wider frequency band, the next-generation gravitational-wave (GW) detectors are anticipated to detect $sim 10^5$ GW signals per year with durations from hours to days, leading to inevitable signal overlaps in the data […]
Kavli Affiliate: Masahito Yamazaki | First 5 Authors: Masahito Yamazaki, Masahito Yamazaki, , , | Summary: While general quantum field theories (QFTs) have yet to be rigorously defined in mathematics, they have generated new mathematics and have served as a unifying principle connecting different branches of the subject. In 1989, Witten made a profound impact […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jing Wang | First 5 Authors: Minghui Li, Minghui Li, , , | Summary: Direct Prompt Injection (DPI) attacks pose a critical security threat to Large Language Models (LLMs) due to their low barrier of execution and high potential damage. To address the impracticality of existing white-box/gray-box methods and the poor transferability of […]
Kavli Affiliate: Ke Wang | First 5 Authors: Anjiang Wei, Anjiang Wei, , , | Summary: GPU kernel optimization has long been a central challenge at the intersection of high-performance computing and machine learning. Efficient kernels are crucial for accelerating large language model (LLM) training and serving, yet attaining high performance typically requires extensive manual […]
Kavli Affiliate: Salvatore Vitale | First 5 Authors: Jack Heinzel, Jack Heinzel, , , | Summary: The coming years of gravitational wave astrophysics promises thousands of new detections, which can unlock fundamental scientific insights if the information in each observation can be properly synthesized into a coherent picture. State-of-the-art approaches often accomplish this with hierarchical […]
Kavli Affiliate: Justus M Kebschull | Authors: Rishi Koneru, Manjari M-G Anant, Hyopil Kim, Julian Cheron and Justus M Kebschull | Summary: The precise dissection of anatomically defined brain regions is the basis of many workflows in neurobiology. Traditionally, brain regions of interest are defined by visual inspection of tissue sections, followed by manual dissection. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Lijing Shao | First 5 Authors: Zexin Hu, Zexin Hu, , , | Summary: The ringdown phase of the binary black hole (BBH) merger provides a clean and direct probe of strong-field gravity and tests of the nature of black holes. The quasinormal mode (QNM) frequencies in modified gravity theories, as well as […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi W. Masui | First 5 Authors: Adam E. Lanman, Adam E. Lanman, , , | Summary: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) provide a sensitive probe of diffuse baryons: their dispersion measures (DMs) measure electron density independent of temperature and scale linearly with gas density. This makes them particularly well suited to studying the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Wendy L. Freedman | First 5 Authors: M. M. Phillips, M. M. Phillips, , , | Summary: In this paper, the suitability of fast-declining Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as cosmological standard candles is examined utilizing a Hubble Flow sample of 43 of these objects observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP). We […]