Foundations of the ionization potential condition for localized electron removal in density functional theory

Kavli Affiliate: Jeffrey B. Neaton | First 5 Authors: Guy Ohad, María Camarasa-Gómez, Jeffrey B. Neaton, Ashwin Ramasubramaniam, Tim Gould | Summary: Optimal tuning of functional parameters in density functional theory approximations, based on enforcing the ionization potential theorem, has emerged as the method of choice for the non-empirical prediction of the electronic structure of […]


Continue.. Foundations of the ionization potential condition for localized electron removal in density functional theory

Helmet ultrasound for brain imaging in post-hemicraniectomy patients

Kavli Affiliate: Lihong V. Wang | First 5 Authors: Yang Zhang, Karteekeya Sastry, Iyla Rossi, Joshua Olick-Gibson, Jonathan J. Russin | Summary: Noninvasive imaging deep into the adult brain at submillimeter and millisecond scales remains a challenge in medical imaging. Here, we report a helmet based ultrasound brain imager built from a customized helmet, a […]


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CausalAbstain: Enhancing Multilingual LLMs with Causal Reasoning for Trustworthy Abstention

Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: Yuxi Sun, Aoqi Zuo, Wei Gao, Jing Ma, | Summary: Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit knowledge disparities across languages. Encouraging LLMs to textit{abstain} when faced with knowledge gaps is a promising strategy to reduce hallucinations in multilingual settings. Current abstention strategies for multilingual scenarios primarily rely […]


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FinS-Pilot: A Benchmark for Online Financial System

Kavli Affiliate: Feng Wang | First 5 Authors: Feng Wang, Yiding Sun, Jiaxin Mao, Wei Xue, Danqing Xu | Summary: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various professional domains, with their performance typically evaluated through standardized benchmarks. However, the development of financial RAG benchmarks has been constrained by data confidentiality issues and […]


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Millimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope: A data release of temperature maps and catalogs

Kavli Affiliate: Chao-Lin Kuo | First 5 Authors: M. Archipley, A. Hryciuk, L. E. Bleem, K. Kornoelje, M. Klein | Summary: Context. The South Pole Telescope third-generation camera (SPT-3G) has observed over 10,000 square degrees of sky at 95, 150, and 220 GHz (3.3, 2.0, 1.4 mm, respectively) overlapping the ongoing 14,000 square-degree Euclid Wide […]


Continue.. Millimeter-wave observations of Euclid Deep Field South using the South Pole Telescope: A data release of temperature maps and catalogs

Neurons accumulate disease-specific somatic genomic changes across tau pathologic states in Alzheimer’s disease

Kavli Affiliate: Michael Miller | Authors: Bowen Jin, Katherine S.-M. Brown, Denis S. Smirnov, Samuel M. Naik, Samantha L. Kirkham, Elizabeth L. Hennessey, Guanlan Dong, Shulin Mao, Samadhi P. Wijethunga, Theresa Connors Stewart, Dennis J. Selkoe, Matthew P. Frosh, Derek H. Oakley, Bradley T. Hyman, August Yue Huang and Michael Miller | Summary: Tau deposition […]


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GPR: Empowering Generation with Graph-Pretrained Retriever

Kavli Affiliate: Xiang Zhang | First 5 Authors: Xiaochen Wang, Zongyu Wu, Yuan Zhong, Xiang Zhang, Suhang Wang | Summary: Graph retrieval-augmented generation (GRAG) places high demands on graph-specific retrievers. However, existing retrievers often rely on language models pretrained on plain text, limiting their effectiveness due to domain misalignment and structure ignorance. To address these […]


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The SPHEREx Sky Simulator: Science Data Modeling for the First All-Sky Near-Infrared Spectral Survey

Kavli Affiliate: James J. Bock | First 5 Authors: Brendan P. Crill, Yoonsoo P. Bach, Sean A. Bryan, Jean Choppin de Janvry, Ari J. Cukierman | Summary: We describe the SPHEREx Sky Simulator, a software tool designed to model science data for NASA’s SPHEREx mission that will carry out a series of all-sky spectrophotometric surveys […]


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Harnessing Negative Signals: Reinforcement Distillation from Teacher Data for LLM Reasoning

Kavli Affiliate: Cheng Peng | First 5 Authors: Shuyao Xu, Cheng Peng, Jiangxuan Long, Weidi Xu, Wei Chu | Summary: Recent advances in model distillation demonstrate that data from advanced reasoning models (e.g., DeepSeek-R1, OpenAI’s o1) can effectively transfer complex reasoning abilities to smaller, efficient student models. However, standard practices employ rejection sampling, discarding incorrect […]


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