July 31, 2025 – Kavli Institute Pre-Print Publications

DiSC-Med: Diffusion-based Semantic Communications for Robust Medical Image Transmission

Posted by klaurent July 31, 2025August 4, 2025Berkeley, This Week: Nanoscience

Kavli Affiliate: Xiang Zhang | First 5 Authors: Fupei Guo, Fupei Guo, , , | Summary: The rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven smart health with next-generation wireless communication technologies, stimulating exciting applications in remote diagnosis and intervention. To enable a timely and effective response for remote healthcare, efficient transmission of medical data through […]

Continue..

Deciphering the Physical Origin of GRB 240825A: A Long GRB Lacking a Bright Supernova

Posted by klaurent July 31, 2025August 4, 2025Stanford, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Nicola Omodei | First 5 Authors: Rahul Gupta, Rahul Gupta, , , | Summary: We present a comprehensive multiwavelength analysis of GRB 240825A, a bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by Fermi and Swift, with a prompt duration ($T_rm 90$ ~ 4 sec in 50-300 keV) near the boundary separating short and long GRBs, […]

Continue..

Fast photostimulus optimization for holographic control of neural ensemble activity in vivo

Posted by dbos July 31, 2025August 4, 2025Columbia, This Week: Neuroscience

Kavli Affiliate: Liam Paninski and Darcy Peterka | Authors: Marcus A Triplett, Edgar Bäumler, Alex Prodan, Rokas Stonis, Darcy S Peterka, Michael Häusser and Liam Paninski | Summary: Determining the intricate structure and function of neural circuits requires the ability to precisely manipulate circuit activity. Two-photon holographic optogenetics has emerged as a powerful tool for […]

Continue..

Human Strategy Adaptation in Reinforcement Learning Resembles Policy Gradient Ascent

Posted by dbos July 31, 2025August 4, 2025This Week: Neuroscience, UCSD / Salk

Kavli Affiliate: Marcelo Mattar | Authors: Hua-Dong Xiong, Li Ji-An, Robert C Wilson and Marcelo G Mattar | Summary: A hallmark of intelligence is the ability to adapt behavior to changing environments, which requires adapting one’s own learning strategies. This phenomenon is known as learning to learn in cognitive science and meta-learning in artificial intelligence. […]

Continue..

A sensitive orange fluorescent calcium ion indicator for imaging neural activity

Posted by dbos July 31, 2025August 4, 2025This Week: Neuroscience, UCSD / Salk

Kavli Affiliate: Timothy Brown | Authors: Abhi Aggarwal, Heather A. Baker, Celine D. Durst, I-Wen Chen, Pablo de Chambrier, Julia Marie Gonzales, Jonathan S. Marvin, Milene Vandal, Torgny Lundberg, Kenryo Sakoi, Ronak H Patel, Ching-Yao Wang, Frank Visser, Yannick Fouad, Smrithi Sunil, Matthew Wiens, Takuya Terai, Kei Takahashi-Yamashiro, Roger J. Thompson, Timothy A. Brown, Yusuke […]

Continue..

The Simons Observatory: Assessing the Impact of Dust Complexity on the Recovery of Primordial $B$-modes

Posted by klaurent July 31, 2025August 4, 2025Stanford, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Susan E. Clark | First 5 Authors: Yiqi Liu, Yiqi Liu, , , | Summary: We investigate how dust foreground complexity can affect measurements of the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the context of the Simons Observatory, using a cross-spectrum component separation analysis. Employing a suite of simulations with realistic Galactic dust emission, we […]

Continue..

Discovery of an $rm[Fe/H] sim -4.8$ Star in $Gaia$ XP Spectra

Posted by klaurent July 31, 2025August 4, 2025MIT, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Anna Frebel | First 5 Authors: , , , , | Summary: We report on the discovery of GDR3_526285 ($Gaia$ DR3 Source ID 5262850721755411072), a star with $rm[Fe/H] = -4.82 pm 0.25$ and one of the lowest metal ($textatomic number > 2$) mass fractions ever found ($Z_rm GDR3_526585 lesssim 1.0 times 10^-6$). We […]

Continue..

Discovery of a Little Red Dot candidate at $zgtrsim10$ in COSMOS-Web based on MIRI-NIRCam selection

Posted by klaurent July 31, 2025August 4, 2025Peking, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Kohei Inayoshi | First 5 Authors: Takumi S. Tanaka, Takumi S. Tanaka, , , | Summary: JWST has revealed a new high-redshift population called little red dots (LRDs). Since LRDs may be in the early phase of black hole growth, identifying them in the early universe is crucial for understanding the formation of […]

Continue..

Lord of LRDs: Insights into a “Little Red Dot” with a low-ionization spectrum at z = 0.1

Posted by klaurent July 31, 2025August 4, 2025Cambridge, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Roberto Maiolino | First 5 Authors: Xihan Ji, Xihan Ji, , , | Summary: Recent JWST observations have revealed a puzzling population of optically red and compact galaxies with peculiar "V"-shaped spectra at high redshift, known as "Little Red Dots" (LRDs). Until now, most spectroscopically confirmed LRDs are found at z > 4 […]

Continue..

DivControl: Knowledge Diversion for Controllable Image Generation

Posted by klaurent July 31, 2025August 4, 2025Peking, This Week: Astrophysics

Kavli Affiliate: Jing Wang | First 5 Authors: Yucheng Xie, Yucheng Xie, , , | Summary: Diffusion models have advanced from text-to-image (T2I) to image-to-image (I2I) generation by incorporating structured inputs such as depth maps, enabling fine-grained spatial control. However, existing methods either train separate models for each condition or rely on unified architectures with […]

Continue..