Kavli Affiliate: Joshua Berke | Authors: Thomas Faust, Ali Mohebi and Joshua D Berke | Summary: The nucleus accumbens (NAc) helps govern motivation to pursue rewards. Two distinct sets of NAc projection neurons – expressing dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors – are thought to promote and suppress motivated behaviors respectively. However, support for this conceptual […]
Kavli Affiliate: Keri Martinowich | Authors: Lukas M Weber, Heena R Divecha, Matthew N Tran, Sang Ho Kwon, Abby Spangler, Kelsey D Montgomery, Madhavi Tippani, Rahul Bharadwaj, Joel E Kleinman, Stephanie C Page, Thomas M Hyde, Leonardo Collado-Torres, Kristen R Maynard, Keri Martinowich and Stephanie C Hicks | Summary: Norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus […]
Kavli Affiliate: Michael Miller | Authors: Michael E Miller, Susan Sidell and Elizabeth A Ostrowski | Summary: Cooperative groups are susceptible to invasion by cheaters that reap the benefits but fail to pay the costs. Both theory and experimental work have shown that cheating can select for counter-adaptations to resist cheating. But then why is […]
Kavli Affiliate: Bjoern Schwer | Authors: Christin Schmidt, Sarah Cohen, Brian L. Gudenas, Sarah Husain, Annika Carlson, Samantha Westelman, Linyu Wang, Joanna J. Phillips, Paul A. Northcott, William A. Weiss and Bjoern Schwer | Summary: SNCAIP duplication may promote Group 4 medulloblastoma via induction of PRDM6, a poorly characterized member of the PRDF1 and RIZ1 […]
Kavli Affiliate: Terrence Sejnowski | Authors: Antonio Pinto-Duarte, Katharine Bogue, Terrence J. Sejnowski and Shyam Srinivasan | Summary: The organizational principles of glia remain largely unknown despite their vital role in nervous system function. Previous work has shown that the number of glia per unit volume of neocortex is constant across mammalian species. We hypothesize […]
Kavli Affiliate: Su Guo | Authors: Jiale Xu, Romelo Casanave, Apurva S Chitre, Qiyang Wang, Khai-Minh Nguyen, Chiara Blake, Mahendra Wagle, Riyan Cheng, Oksana Polesskaya, Abraham A Palmer and Su Guo | Summary: Behavioral diversity is critical for population fitness. Individual differences in risk-taking are observed across species, but underlying genetic mechanisms and conservation are […]
Kavli Affiliate: Cori Bargmann | Authors: Elias Scheer and Cori Bargmann | Summary: Foraging animals optimize feeding decisions by adjusting both common and rare behavioral patterns. Here, we characterize the relationship between an animal’s arousal state and a rare decision to leave a patch of bacterial food. Using long-term tracking and behavioral state classification, we […]
Kavli Affiliate: Mark Ellisman | Authors: Kailash Venkatraman, Christopher T Lee, Guadalupe C. Garcia, Arijit Mahapatra, Guy Perkins, Keun-Young Kim, Hilda Amalia Pasolli, Sebastien Phan, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Mark Ellisman, Padmini Rangamani and Itay Budin | Summary: Cristae are high curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae-shaping […]
Kavli Affiliate: Roderick MacKinnon | Authors: Maria Elizabeth Falzone and Roderick MacKinnon | Summary: PLCβ enzymes cleave PIP2 producing IP3 and DAG. PIP2 modulates the function of many ion channels, while IP3 and DAG regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels and protein phosphorylation by protein kinase C, respectively. PLCb enzymes are under the control of GPCR signaling […]
Kavli Affiliate: Reza Shadmehr | Authors: Erik M. Summerside, Robert J Courter, Reza Shadmehr and Alaa A. Ahmed | Summary: As people age, they move slower. Is age-related reduction in vigor a reflection of a reduced valuation of reward by the brain, or a consequence of increased effort costs by the muscles? Here, we quantified […]