Kavli Affiliate: Michael Wimmer | First 5 Authors: , , , , | Summary: Large-scale terrain scans are the basis for many important tasks, such as topographic mapping, forestry, agriculture, and infrastructure planning. The resulting point cloud data sets are so massive in size that even basic tasks like viewing take hours to days of […]
Kavli Affiliate: Zhuo Li | First 5 Authors: Huizhen Shu, Huizhen Shu, , , | Summary: Achieving robust safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) while preserving their utility remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often struggle to balance comprehensive safety with fine-grained controllability at the representation level. We introduce LATENTGUARD, a novel three-stage framework […]
Kavli Affiliate: Gregory J. Herczeg | First 5 Authors: Min Fang, Min Fang, , , | Summary: We re-evaluate the star formation history of the nearby Sco-Cen OB Association with a comprehensive analysis of Gaia XP spectra of more than 7,800 potential members. New spectral classifications are obtained by fitting individual XP spectra with templates […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi W. Masui | First 5 Authors: Calvin Leung, Calvin Leung, , , | Summary: Baryonic feedback is a leading contaminant in studying dark matter and cosmology using cosmic shear. This has meant omitting much of the data during cosmological inference, or forward-modeling the spatial distribution of gas around dark matter halos using […]
Kavli Affiliate: Gordan Krnjaic | First 5 Authors: Gordan Krnjaic, Gordan Krnjaic, , , | Summary: We study inelastic dark matter produced via freeze-in through a light mediator with a mass splitting below the electron-positron threshold. In this regime, the heavier dark matter state is naturally long-lived compared to the age of the Universe and […]
Kavli Affiliate: Mark Vogelsberger | First 5 Authors: Xuejian Shen, Xuejian Shen, , , | Summary: Early JWST observations have revealed a high-redshift universe more vibrant than predicted by canonical galaxy-formation models within $Lambda$CDM, showing an excess of ultraviolet(UV)-bright, massive, and morphologically mature galaxies. Departures from $Lambda$CDM prior to recombination can imprint signatures on non-linear […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kohei Inayoshi | First 5 Authors: Kohei Inayoshi, Kohei Inayoshi, , , | Summary: The birth of seeds of massive black holes (BHs) and nascent galaxies at cosmic dawn takes place in dense gaseous environments, which play a crucial role in shaping their coevolution and radiation spectra. We investigate gas accretion during the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jie Shan | First 5 Authors: Zhongdong Han, Zhongdong Han, , , | Summary: Quantum spin Hall insulators (QSHIs) and excitonic insulators (EIs) are prototypical topological and correlated states of matter, respectively. The topological phase transition between the two has attracted much theoretical interest but experimental studies have been hindered by the availability […]
Kavli Affiliate: Xiang Zhang | First 5 Authors: Bingnan Li, Bingnan Li, , , | Summary: Despite steady progress in layout-to-image generation, current methods still struggle with layouts containing significant overlap between bounding boxes. We identify two primary challenges: (1) large overlapping regions and (2) overlapping instances with minimal semantic distinction. Through both qualitative examples […]
Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: Xiaolei Li, Xiaolei Li, , , | Summary: This paper proposes an orthogonality-constrained modal search (OCMS) method for estimating modal wavenumbers and modal depth functions using a vertical linear array (VLA). Under the assumption of a known sound speed profile, OCMS leverages the orthogonality of distinct modal […]