Kavli Affiliate: Scott K. Cushing | First 5 Authors: Wonseok Lee, Wonseok Lee, , , | Summary: Time-resolved and ultrafast electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is an emerging technique for measuring photoexcited carriers, lattice dynamics, and near-fields across femtosecond to microsecond timescales. When performed in either a specialized scanning transmission electron microscope or ultrafast electron microscope […]

Kavli Affiliate: James J. Bock | First 5 Authors: , , , , | Summary: The background light produced by emission from all sources over cosmic history is a powerful diagnostic of structure formation and evolution. At near-infrared wavelengths, this extragalactic background light (EBL) is comprised of emission from galaxies stretching all the way back […]

Kavli Affiliate: James J. Bock | First 5 Authors: Victoria L. Butler, Victoria L. Butler, , , | Summary: Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers are a well-established technology with a strong track record in experimental cosmology, making them ideal for current and future radio astronomy instruments. The Tomographic Ionized-carbon Mapping Experiment (TIME), in collaboration with […]

Kavli Affiliate: James J. Bock | First 5 Authors: Zhaoyu Huai, Zhaoyu Huai, , , | Summary: We model the impact of source confusion on photometry and the resulting spectrophotometric redshifts for SPHEREx, a NASA Medium-Class Explorer that is carrying out an all-sky near-infrared spectral survey. Spectral confusion from untargeted background galaxies degrades sensitivity and […]

Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: Hui Ji, Hui Ji, , , | Summary: The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for cardiovascular monitoring, offering superior diagnostic granularity and specificity compared to photoplethysmography (PPG). However, existing 12-lead ECG systems rely on cumbersome multi-electrode setups, limiting sustained monitoring in ambulatory settings, while current […]

Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: , , , , | Summary: This paper presents the first nationwide deployment of human activity recognition (HAR) technology in the on-demand food delivery industry. We successfully adapted the state-of-the-art LIMU-BERT foundation model to the delivery platform. Spanning three phases over two years, the deployment progresses from […]

Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: Jihu Guo, Jihu Guo, , , | Summary: Pipeline parallelism is widely used to train large language models (LLMs). However, increasing heterogeneity in model architectures exacerbates pipeline bubbles, thereby reducing training efficiency. Existing approaches overlook the co-optimization of model partition, model placement, and workload scheduling, resulting in […]

Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: Wei Gao, Wei Gao, , , | Summary: Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a pivotal post-training technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, synchronous RL post-training often suffers from significant GPU underutilization, referred to as bubbles, caused by imbalanced response lengths within rollout […]

Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: Dekun Lu, Dekun Lu, , , | Summary: End-to-end robot manipulation policies offer significant potential for enabling embodied agents to understand and interact with the world. Unlike traditional modular pipelines, end-to-end learning mitigates key limitations such as information loss between modules and feature misalignment caused by isolated […]

Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao | First 5 Authors: Xiaolei Li, Xiaolei Li, , , | Summary: This paper proposes an orthogonality-constrained modal search (OCMS) method for estimating modal wavenumbers and modal depth functions using a vertical linear array (VLA). Under the assumption of a known sound speed profile, OCMS leverages the orthogonality of distinct modal […]