Kavli Affiliate: David W. Miller | Summary:High-energy physics experiments face extreme data rates, requiring real-time trigger systems to reduce event throughput while preserving sensitivity to rare processes. Trigger systems are typically constructed as modular chains of sequentially optimised algorithms, including machine learning models. Each algorithm is optimised for a specific local objective with no guarantee […]
Kavli Affiliate: Gordan Krnjaic | Summary:Dark matter direct detection experiments involving electron recoils are beginning to test highly-predictive, thermal-relic milestones for sub-GeV dark matter models. Due to the Lee-Weinberg bound, thermal dark matter candidates in this mass range necessarily require comparably-light mediator particles to achieve a suitably large annihilation cross section. Here we present new […]
Kavli Affiliate: Gordan Krnjaic | Summary:Dark matter direct detection experiments involving electron recoils are beginning to test highly-predictive, thermal-relic milestones for sub-GeV dark matter models. Due to the Lee-Weinberg bound, thermal dark matter candidates in this mass range necessarily require comparably-light mediator particles to achieve a suitably large annihilation cross section. Here we present new […]
Kavli Affiliate: Alexander Ji | Summary:Massive Population III stars are currently not observed, but their initial mass function (IMF) can be inferred through stellar archaeology: fitting core-collapse supernova yield models to elemental abundances of low-mass, long-lived metal-poor stars. While prior work demonstrates that yield fitting can recover progenitor properties, it remains unclear which measured elements […]
Kavli Affiliate: Salman Habib | Summary:Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly used for software development, yet existing benchmarks for LLM-based coding assistance do not reflect the constraints of High Energy Physics (HEP) and High Performance Computing (HPC) software. Code correctness must respect science constraints and changes must integrate into large, performance-critical codebases with complex dependencies […]
Kavli Affiliate: Lindsey Bleem | Summary:Shock waves generated during cluster mergers offer a powerful probe of how large-scale structure grows and evolves in the Universe. As part of the MeerKAT-South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey, we report the discovery of a single arc-like radio relic in the galaxy cluster Abell 4067 ($z=0.099$), one of the lowest-mass […]
Kavli Affiliate: Alexander Ji | Summary:The chemical abundances of a stellar population encode information about nucleosynthesis and its astrophysical sites, but this information is confounded by the specific star formation history of the host galaxy. As a result, placing empirical constraints on supernova yields and timing using abundances has been very challenging. We introduce a […]
Kavli Affiliate: Alexander Ji | Summary:Crater II (CraII), a large and low-density dwarf spheroidal galaxy, has unusual observed properties that are difficult to reproduce in cold dark matter simulations. Ongoing tidal disruption may help explain the discrepancies, as evidenced by the recent discovery of tidal tails. Here we present metallicity-sensitive narrowband photometry of the Ca […]
Kavli Affiliate: Alexander Ji | Summary:Crater II (CraII), a large and low-density dwarf spheroidal galaxy, has unusual observed properties that are difficult to reproduce in cold dark matter simulations. Ongoing tidal disruption may help explain the discrepancies, as evidenced by the recent discovery of tidal tails. Here we present metallicity-sensitive narrowband photometry of the Ca […]
Kavli Affiliate: David W. Miller | Summary:The next generation of particle physics experiments will face a new era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing this data for scientific discovery demands real-time inference and decision-making, intelligent data reduction, and efficient processing architectures […]