Kavli Affiliate: Long Zhang
| First 5 Authors: Tinghui An, Tinghui An, , ,
| Summary:
We report a mid-infrared ring laser via fiber-to-waveguide hybrid integration
enabled by directional couplers fabricated in fluoride glasses. Directional
couplers were inscribed into fluoride glass using femtosecond laser direct
writing, forming low-loss waveguides with a high positive refractive index
change. The waveguides were optimized for efficient guidance at a wavelength of
2.7 textmum. Directional couplers with systematically varied coupling gap
and interaction lengths were fabricated and experimentally characterized,
demonstrating controllable power splitting ratios spanning from complete
transmission (100:0) to balanced coupling (50:50). A directional coupler with a
7 textmum coupling gap and a 1.5 mm interaction length, providing an 80:20
power splitting ratio, was integrated with a cladding-pumped Er:ZBLAN fiber to
realize a ring laser cavity. The resulting device produced stable lasing at
2716.7 nm with an output power of 14.2 mW. This work represents the first
realization of a fully fiber-chip integrated mid-infrared laser source and
opens new avenues for 3D photonic integration in fluoride glasses, enabling
design flexibility previously unattainable in traditional fiber-optics
architectures.
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