Kavli Affiliate: Jia Liu
| First 5 Authors: Jia Liu, Muyuan Song, Haohao Zhang, ,
| Summary:
Lepton flavor violation (LFV), observed conclusively in neutrino
oscillations, remains a pivotal area of investigation due to its absence in the
Standard Model (SM). Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics explores charged
lepton flavor violation (CLFV), particularly through new particle candidates
such as the $Z’$. This article focuses on maximal LFV interactions facilitated
by the $Z’$ boson, specifically targeting its off-diagonal interactions with
the first and second generations of charged and neutral leptons. In our
ultraviolet (UV) model for the origin of the $Z’$, inspired by the work of
[R.Foot textit{et al.,}, Phys.Rev. D50 (1994) 4571-4580], we utilize the
discrete $Z_2$ symmetry to investigate the maximal LFV mediated by the $Z’$
between the muon ($mu$) and electron ($e$) arising from the additional
scalars. This symmetry prohibits flavor-conserving interactions between $Z’$
and $mu^+mu^-,, e^+e^-$. In conjunction with collider, $(g-2)_{mu},
(g-2)_e$, inverse $mu$ decay, Muonium-to-Antimuonium conversion and LFV decay
constraints, we provide forecasts for anticipated limits derived from processes
such as $nu_mu N to nu_e mu^+ e^- N$ in neutrino trident experiments like
the DUNE search at the first time. These limits highlight the prospective scope
and significance of LFV investigations within these experimental frameworks.
Within the mass range of 0.01 GeV to 10 GeV, the most stringent limit arises
from $it{B} (mu to e + X + gamma)$ when $M_{Z’} < m_mu$, while $Delta
a_e$ provides effective constraints as $M_{Z’}$ approaches 10 GeV. Looking
ahead, the proposed Muonium-to-Antimuonium Conversion Experiment (MACE) is
expected to impose the most stringent constraints on Muonium-to-Antimuonium
oscillation, improving sensitivity by about one order of magnitude against
$Delta a_e$.
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