Kavli Affiliate: David W. Miller
| Summary:
We introduce a universal bound on the separable powers of a wave field after passing through arbitrary passive optical or wave systems. Any wave field can be expressed as a combination of mutually incoherent and mutually orthogonal components, each with some power or "brightness". We prove that, in passing through a lossless or lossy optical system, writing the components in order of power, the power in each such component at the output cannot exceed the power in each such component at the input, even though each resulting output may be an arbitrary mixture of the inputs. This result encompasses previous brightness theorems, has several immediate consequences, and gives a simple limit to the concentration of light, radio-frequency or other waves into single-mode outputs.
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