Kavli Affiliate: Noah A. Kurinsky
| First 5 Authors: Chao-Lin Kuo, Chelsea L. Bartram, Aaron S. Chou, Taj A. Dyson, Noah A. Kurinsky
| Summary:
We provide a comprehensive comparison of linear amplifiers and microwave
photon-counters in axion dark matter experiments. The study is done assuming a
range of realistic operating conditions and detector parameters, over the
frequency range between 1–30 GHz. As expected, photon counters are found to be
advantageous under low background, at high frequencies ($nu>$ 5 GHz), {em if}
they can be implemented with robust wide-frequency tuning or a very low dark
count rate. Additional noteworthy observations emerging from this study
include: (1) an expanded applicability of off-resonance photon background
reduction, including the single-quadrature state squeezing, for scan rate
enhancements; (2) a much broader appeal for operating the haloscope resonators
in the over-coupling regime, up to $betasim 10$; (3) the need for a detailed
investigation into the cryogenic and electromagnetic conditions inside
haloscope cavities to lower the photon temperature for future experiments; (4)
the necessity to develop a distributed network of coupling ports in high-volume
axion haloscopes to utilize these potential gains in the scan rate.
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