Hybrid Quantum Repeaters with Ensemble-based Quantum Memories and Single-spin Photon Transducers

Kavli Affiliate: Wolfgang Tittel

| First 5 Authors: Fenglei Gu, Shankar G Menon, David Maier, Antariksha Das, Tanmoy Chakraborty

| Summary:

Reliable quantum communication over hundreds of kilometers is a daunting yet
necessary requirement for a quantum internet. To overcome photon loss, the
deployment of quantum repeater stations between distant network nodes is
necessary. A plethora of different quantum hardware is being developed for this
purpose, each platform with its own opportunities and challenges. Here, we
propose to combine two promising hardware platforms in a hybrid quantum
repeater architecture to lower the cost and boost the performance of
long-distance quantum communication. We outline how ensemble-based quantum
memories combined with single-spin photon transducers, which are devices that
can generate, convert, and modulate photons with single spins, can facilitate
massive multiplexing, efficient photon generation, and quantum logic for
amplifying communication rates. As a specific example, we describe how a single
Rubidium (Rb) atom coupled to nanophotonic resonators can function as a
high-rate, telecom-visible entangled photon source with the visible photon
being compatible with storage in a Thulium-doped crystal memory (Tm-memory) and
the telecom photon being compatible with low loss fiber propagation. We
experimentally verify that Tm and Rb transitions are in resonance with each
other. Our analysis shows that by employing up to 16 repeater stations, each
equipped with two Tm-memories capable of holding up to 350 storage modes, along
with four single Rb atoms, one can reach a quantum communication rate exceeding
hundreds of qubits per second across distances of up to 1000 km.

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