Kavli Affiliate: Luis Ho | Summary:Star-forming structures of scale $sim0.5-1,mathrmkpc$, dubbed ‘giant’ star-forming clumps, are routinely detected in unlensed surveys of $z > 1$ galaxies. Two scenarios are usually invoked to explain their existence — genuine physical structures or resolution-driven artifacts — yet distinguishing between them requires characterizing their internal structure. In this work, part […]

Kavli Affiliate: Luis Ho | Summary:Dense star-forming regions in $z>1$ galaxies, often termed ‘clumps’, have been studied across two distinct regimes of telescope resolution, each motivating interpretations in tension with the other. In the SCALES series (Star-Forming Clumps As Layered Emergent Structures), we aim to connect star-forming structures across scales, from the $sim100,mathrmpc$ clumps in […]

Kavli Affiliate: Renxin Xu | Summary:Thermal X-ray pulse profiles constrain neutron-star masses and radii through the effects of gravitational light bending and rotation on surface emission. The precision anticipated from the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry (eXTP) mission motivates more accurate analytic light-bending formulae that retain the efficiency needed for repeated model evaluations. We derive […]

Kavli Affiliate: Renxin Xu | Summary:The starquake model of pulsar glitches is revisited in light of accumulated observational data. A statistical comparison between the time-predictable and the magnitude-predictable models, borrowed from seismology and grounded in the classical spring-slider framework, is performed against a sample of 245 glitch events from 9 pulsars. It is found that […]

Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: Changes in principal eigenvalues and eigendirections provide complementary diagnostics of structural instability in factor models, but covariance-based inference can be unreliable under heavy tails. We develop two-sample tests for equality of these features of trace-normalized shape matrices under high-dimensional elliptical factor models. Our approach combines Tyler’s identity with orthogonalization and […]

Kavli Affiliate: Linhua Jiang | Summary:Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) are expected to trace early massive-halo assembly, but the connection between dust-obscured star formation, morphology, hot dust, and environment remains unclear at $z$>4. We combine JWST/NIRCam F444W grism spectroscopy from COSMOS-3D with MIRI F1000W/F2100W imaging and a mixed ALMA-selected and ALMA-followed dusty-galaxy sample from CRISTAL, CHAMPS, […]

Kavli Affiliate: Kohei Inayoshi | Summary:The visibility of Ly$α$ emission during the epoch of reionization depends on both galaxy properties and the transmission of Ly$α$ photons through the intergalactic medium (IGM). Using JWST/NIRCam F470N imaging, we identify a prominent projected overdensity of H$α$ emitters (HAEs) at $zsimeq6.2$ in CEERS field. We use Subaru/HSC NB872 imaging […]

Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: Federated low-rank adaptation (LoRA) requires identifying an update structure that is shared across heterogeneous clients. Prior work reports strong similarity among trained LoRA projection matrices across clients; however, such agreement may be largely induced by common initialization and collapses toward random overlap under independent initialization. More crucially, relying solely on […]

Kavli Affiliate: Rainer Spurzem | Summary:Context. Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) often coexist at the centers of galaxies, engaging in complex dynamical interactions that influence SMBH growth. Stars that approach the SMBH too closely are tidally disrupted, and a fraction of their debris is accreted onto the black hole. Such events […]

Kavli Affiliate: Kohei Inayoshi | Summary:We report the discovery and spectroscopic confirmation of SN Helios, a strongly lensed, multiply imaged Type II supernova (SN) at $z=3.34$ behind the galaxy cluster RXC J0018.5+1626. The transient was identified as a red F150W-dropout source (F277W = 26.1 mag) in JWST/NIRCam imaging taken on 2026 July 3 for the […]