Driving Accurate Allergen Prediction with Protein Language Models and Generalization-Focused Evaluation

Kavli Affiliate: Ran Wang | First 5 Authors: Brian Shing-Hei Wong, Brian Shing-Hei Wong, , , | Summary: Allergens, typically proteins capable of triggering adverse immune responses, represent a significant public health challenge. To accurately identify allergen proteins, we introduce Applm (Allergen Prediction with Protein Language Models), a computational framework that leverages the 100-billion parameter […]


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Layer-Wise Perturbations via Sparse Autoencoders for Adversarial Text Generation

Kavli Affiliate: Zhuo Li | First 5 Authors: Huizhen Shu, Huizhen Shu, , , | Summary: With the rapid proliferation of Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially Large Language Models (LLMs), generating adversarial examples to jailbreak LLMs remains a key challenge for understanding model vulnerabilities and improving robustness. In this context, we propose a new black-box […]


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Heterogeneity in Women’s Nighttime Ride-Hailing Intention: Evidence from an LC-ICLV Model Analysis

Kavli Affiliate: Ke Wang | First 5 Authors: , , , , | Summary: While ride-hailing services offer increased travel flexibility and convenience, persistent nighttime safety concerns significantly reduce women’s willingness to use them. Existing research often treats women as a homogeneous group, neglecting the heterogeneity in their decision-making processes. To address this gap, this […]


Continue.. Heterogeneity in Women’s Nighttime Ride-Hailing Intention: Evidence from an LC-ICLV Model Analysis

Fundamental Physics with Pulsars around Sagittarius A$^star$

Kavli Affiliate: Lijing Shao | First 5 Authors: Lijing Shao, Lijing Shao, , , | Summary: Searching for radio pulsars orbiting around the Galactic centre black hole (BH), Sagittarius A$^star$ (Sgr A$^star$), represents a holy grail goal for large-area radio telescopes, in particular for the Square Kilometre Array. Follow-up timing observation of such a PSR-Sgr […]


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Teaching LLMs to Speak Spectroscopy

Kavli Affiliate: Salman Habib | First 5 Authors: Nesar Ramachandra, Nesar Ramachandra, , , | Summary: Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized text processing, yet adapting Transformer-based neural networks to non-textual scientific modalities typically requires specialized architectures and extensive computational resources. We demonstrate that LLaMA-3.1-8B can be efficiently repurposed to predict galaxy redshifts from […]


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Lay2Story: Extending Diffusion Transformers for Layout-Togglable Story Generation

Kavli Affiliate: Jing Wang | First 5 Authors: Ao Ma, Ao Ma, , , | Summary: Storytelling tasks involving generating consistent subjects have gained significant attention recently. However, existing methods, whether training-free or training-based, continue to face challenges in maintaining subject consistency due to the lack of fine-grained guidance and inter-frame interaction. Additionally, the scarcity […]


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Detecting Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter at MeV Gamma-Ray Observatories

Kavli Affiliate: Shigeki Matsumoto | First 5 Authors: Subaru Fujisawa, Subaru Fujisawa, , , | Summary: We explore the indirect detection of sterile neutrino dark matter within the gauged $U(1)_B-L$ extension of the Standard Model, in which three right-handed neutrinos account for neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry, and dark matter. Focusing on the MeV mass […]


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Oscillations and parity violation in gravitational wave background from extra tensor modes

Kavli Affiliate: Misao Sasaki | First 5 Authors: Jaume Garriga, Jaume Garriga, , , | Summary: Spectator fields which provide additional tensor degrees of freedom, on top of the standard metric tensor perturbations, can produce significant amounts of gravitational waves (GWs). Employing the effective field theory approach for spin-2 fields, we find a universal prediction […]


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Warm, water-depleted rocky exoplanets with surface ionic liquids: A proposed class for planetary habitability

Kavli Affiliate: Sara Seager | First 5 Authors: , , , , | Summary: The discovery of thousands of exoplanets and the emergence of telescopes capable of exoplanet atmospheric characterization have intensified the search for habitable worlds. Due to selection biases, many exoplanets under study are planets deemed inhospitable because their surfaces are too warm […]


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Sensitivity of an Early Dark Matter Search using the Electromagnetic Calorimeter as a Target for the Light Dark Matter eXperiment

Kavli Affiliate: Gordan Krnjaic | First 5 Authors: LDMX Collaboration, LDMX Collaboration, , , | Summary: The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is proposed to employ a thin tungsten target and a multi-GeV electron beam to carry out a missing momentum search for the production of dark matter candidate particles. We study the sensitivity for […]


Continue.. Sensitivity of an Early Dark Matter Search using the Electromagnetic Calorimeter as a Target for the Light Dark Matter eXperiment