LatentGuard: Controllable Latent Steering for Robust Refusal of Attacks and Reliable Response Generation

Kavli Affiliate: Zhuo Li | First 5 Authors: Huizhen Shu, Huizhen Shu, , , | Summary: Achieving robust safety alignment in large language models (LLMs) while preserving their utility remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often struggle to balance comprehensive safety with fine-grained controllability at the representation level. We introduce LATENTGUARD, a novel three-stage framework […]


Continue.. LatentGuard: Controllable Latent Steering for Robust Refusal of Attacks and Reliable Response Generation

A comprehensive Gaia spectroscopic study of stars in the Sco-Cen complex: star formation history and disk lifetime

Kavli Affiliate: Gregory J. Herczeg | First 5 Authors: Min Fang, Min Fang, , , | Summary: We re-evaluate the star formation history of the nearby Sco-Cen OB Association with a comprehensive analysis of Gaia XP spectra of more than 7,800 potential members. New spectral classifications are obtained by fitting individual XP spectra with templates […]


Continue.. A comprehensive Gaia spectroscopic study of stars in the Sco-Cen complex: star formation history and disk lifetime

Nulling baryonic feedback in weak lensing surveys using cross-correlations with fast radio bursts

Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi W. Masui | First 5 Authors: Calvin Leung, Calvin Leung, , , | Summary: Baryonic feedback is a leading contaminant in studying dark matter and cosmology using cosmic shear. This has meant omitting much of the data during cosmological inference, or forward-modeling the spatial distribution of gas around dark matter halos using […]


Continue.. Nulling baryonic feedback in weak lensing surveys using cross-correlations with fast radio bursts

X-rays from Inelastic Dark Matter Freeze-in

Kavli Affiliate: Gordan Krnjaic | First 5 Authors: Gordan Krnjaic, Gordan Krnjaic, , , | Summary: We study inelastic dark matter produced via freeze-in through a light mediator with a mass splitting below the electron-positron threshold. In this regime, the heavier dark matter state is naturally long-lived compared to the age of the Universe and […]


Continue.. X-rays from Inelastic Dark Matter Freeze-in

Spectral Uniformity of Little Red Dots: A Natural Outcome of Coevolving Seed Black Holes and Nascent Starbursts

Kavli Affiliate: Kohei Inayoshi | First 5 Authors: Kohei Inayoshi, Kohei Inayoshi, , , | Summary: The birth of seeds of massive black holes (BHs) and nascent galaxies at cosmic dawn takes place in dense gaseous environments, which play a crucial role in shaping their coevolution and radiation spectra. We investigate gas accretion during the […]


Continue.. Spectral Uniformity of Little Red Dots: A Natural Outcome of Coevolving Seed Black Holes and Nascent Starbursts

The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics

Kavli Affiliate: Mark Vogelsberger | First 5 Authors: Xuejian Shen, Xuejian Shen, , , | Summary: Early JWST observations have revealed a high-redshift universe more vibrant than predicted by canonical galaxy-formation models within $Lambda$CDM, showing an excess of ultraviolet(UV)-bright, massive, and morphologically mature galaxies. Departures from $Lambda$CDM prior to recombination can imprint signatures on non-linear […]


Continue.. The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics

A Scalable Lift-and-Project Differentiable Approach For the Maximum Cut Problem

Kavli Affiliate: Jia Liu | First 5 Authors: Ismail Alkhouri, Ismail Alkhouri, , , | Summary: We propose a scalable framework for solving the Maximum Cut (MaxCut) problem in large graphs using projected gradient ascent on quadratic objectives. Notably, while our approach is differentiable and leverages GPUs for gradient-based optimization, it is not a machine […]


Continue.. A Scalable Lift-and-Project Differentiable Approach For the Maximum Cut Problem

Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Emission in MHD Galaxy Formation Simulations with Full Cosmic Ray Spectra

Kavli Affiliate: Lina Necib | First 5 Authors: Isabel S. Sands, Isabel S. Sands, , , | Summary: The Milky Way’s galactic center is a highly dynamical, crowded environment. Gamma ray observations of this region, such as the excess of GeV scale gamma rays observed by Fermi LAT, have been of tremendous interest to both […]


Continue.. Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Emission in MHD Galaxy Formation Simulations with Full Cosmic Ray Spectra

The Growth of Dust in Galaxies in the First Billion Years with Applications to Blue Monsters

Kavli Affiliate: Mark Vogelsberger | First 5 Authors: Desika Narayanan, Desika Narayanan, , , | Summary: A combination of JWST observations at z~12-14 and ALMA observations of extremely dust-rich systems at z~6 has demonstrated that dust grows extremely fast in the early Universe, with galaxies amassing up to 10^7 Msun of dust in just 500 […]


Continue.. The Growth of Dust in Galaxies in the First Billion Years with Applications to Blue Monsters

BASS LIV. Physical Properties of AGN-Hosting Galaxy Mergers from Multiwavelength SED Fitting

Kavli Affiliate: Claudio Ricci | First 5 Authors: Marco Troncoso, Marco Troncoso, , , | Summary: Galaxy mergers are believed to play an important role in triggering rapid supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth. As merging nuclei approach each other, the physical properties of the participating galaxies and the associated SMBH growth are expected to evolve […]


Continue.. BASS LIV. Physical Properties of AGN-Hosting Galaxy Mergers from Multiwavelength SED Fitting