Kavli Affiliate: Paul L. Schechter | First 5 Authors: Paul L. Schechter, Jeremy D. Schnittman, , , | Summary: Even when used to describe the same phenomenon, equations, graphics and words each give different perspectives and lead to complementary insights. The basic elements of strong gravitational lensing are introduced here favoring words and graphics over […]
Kavli Affiliate: Michael Fausnaugh | First 5 Authors: Lydia Makrygianni, Iair Arcavi, Megan Newsome, Ananya Bandopadhyay, Eric R. Coughlin | Summary: Flares produced following the tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes can reveal the properties of the otherwise dormant majority of black holes and the physics of accretion. In the past decade, a […]
Kavli Affiliate: Andrew Vanderburg | First 5 Authors: Rachel Bowens-Rubin, James Mang, Mary Anne Limbach, Aarynn L. Carter, Kevin B. Stevenson | Summary: NIRCam and MIRI coronagraphy have successfully demonstrated the ability to directly image young sub-Jupiter mass and mature gas-giant exoplanets. However, these modes struggle to reach the sensitivities needed to find the population […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: Eric J. Michaud, Asher Parker-Sartori, Max Tegmark, , | Summary: We study the problem of creating strong, yet narrow, AI systems. While recent AI progress has been driven by the training of large general-purpose foundation models, the creation of smaller models specialized for narrow domains could be […]
Kavli Affiliate: Salvatore Vitale | First 5 Authors: Salvatore Vitale, Matthew Mould, , , | Summary: Measuring the distribution of spin tilts-the angles between the spin vectors and the binary orbital angular momentum-in stellar-mass binary black holes detected by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA would provide valuable insight into their astrophysical origins. Analyses of the 69 binary black holes […]
Kavli Affiliate: Moritz Guenther | First 5 Authors: Nancy Remage Evans, Alexandre Gallenne, Pierre Kervella, H. Moritz Guenther, Joanna Kuraszkiewicz | Summary: The system V350 Sgr has a classical Cepheid for the primary. Interferometry is presented for the system and the full orbit is determined. The mass of the companion has been determined from an […]
Kavli Affiliate: Frank Wilczek | First 5 Authors: Sreenath K. Manikandan, Frank Wilczek, , , | Summary: We demonstrate that the statistical fluctuations in resonant radiation detectors operating in homodyne and heterodyne modes offers additional, complementary information to that obtained from their direct operation as click detectors. We use this to refine tests of the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Frank Wilczek | First 5 Authors: Sreenath K. Manikandan, Frank Wilczek, , , | Summary: Gravitational radiation from known astrophysical sources is conventionally treated classically. This treatment corresponds, implicitly, to the hypothesis that a particular class of quantum-mechanical states — the so-called coherent states — adequately describe the gravitational radiation field. We propose […]
Kavli Affiliate: Robert A. Simcoe | First 5 Authors: Rohan P. Naidu, Pascal A. Oesch, Gabriel Brammer, Andrea Weibel, Yijia Li | Summary: JWST has revealed a stunning population of bright galaxies at surprisingly early epochs, $z>10$, where few such sources were expected. Here we present the most distant example of this class yet — […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: Ziming Liu, Yizhou Liu, Jeff Gore, Max Tegmark, | Summary: Beyond neural scaling laws, little is known about the laws underlying large language models (LLMs). We introduce Neural Thermodynamic Laws (NTL) — a new framework that offers fresh insights into LLM training dynamics. On the theoretical side, […]