Kavli Affiliate: David T. Limmer
| First 5 Authors: Phillip Helms, David T. Limmer, , ,
| Summary:
Using a thermodynamically consistent, mesoscopic model for modern
complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors, we study an array of
logical circuits and explore how their function is constrained by recent
thermodynamic uncertainty relations when operating near thermal energies. For a
single NOT gate, we find operating direction-dependent dynamics, and an optimal
trade-off between dissipated heat and operation time certainty. For a memory
storage device, we find an exponential relationship between the memory
retention time and energy required to sustain that memory state. For a clock,
we find that the certainty in the cycle time is maximized at biasing voltages
near thermal energy, as is the trade-off between this certainty and the heat
dissipated per cycle. We demonstrate that a simple control mechanism for the
clock leads to a monotonic increase in cycle time certainty with biasing
voltage alleviating its degradation at large biasing voltages. These results
provide a framework for assessing thermodynamic costs of realistic computing
devices, allowing for circuits to be designed and controlled for
thermodynamically optimal operation.
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