Kavli Affiliate: Jia Liu
| First 5 Authors: Lars Funke, Markus Ilchen, Kristina Dingel, Tommaso Mazza, Terence Mullins
| Summary:
Attosecond X-ray pulses are the key to studying electron dynamics at their
natural timescale in specifically targeted electronic states. They promise to
build the conceptual bridge between physical and chemical photo-reaction
processes. Free-electron lasers (FELs) have demonstrated their capability of
generating intense attosecond X-ray pulses. The use of SASE-based FELs for
time-resolving experiments and investigations of nonlinear X-ray absorption
mechanisms, however, necessitates their full pulse-to-pulse characterisation
which remains a cutting-edge challenge. We have characterised X-ray pulses with
durations of down to 600 attoseconds and peak powers up to 200 GW at ~1 keV
photon energy via angular streaking at the Small Quantum Systems instrument of
the European XFEL in Germany. As a direct application, we present results of
nonlinear X-ray–matter interaction via time-resolved electron spectroscopy on
a transient system, observing single- and double-core-hole generation in neon
atoms. Using the derived temporal information about each single X-ray pulse, we
reveal an otherwise hidden peak-intensity dependence of the probability for
formation of double-core vacancies in neon after primary K-shell ionisation.
Our results advance the field of attosecond science with highly intense and
fully characterised X-ray pulses to the state-specific investigation of
electronic motion in non-stationary media.
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