Testing the lepton content of the proton at HERA and EIC

Kavli Affiliate: Carlos E. M. Wagner

| First 5 Authors: Leandro Da Rold, Anibal D. Medina, Subhojit Roy, Carlos E. M. Wagner,

| Summary:

Although protons are baryons with an overall vanishing lepton number, they
possess a non-trivial leptonic content arising from quantum fluctuations which
can be described by lepton parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton.
These PDFs have been recently computed and can be used to define lepton-induced
processes at high-energy colliders. In this article, we propose a novel way to
test the computation of lepton PDFs of the proton by analyzing both
non-resonant di-lepton and resonant Z gauge boson production processes induced
by leptons within the proton at proton-electron colliders like HERA and EIC.
Despite the fact that lepton PDFs of the proton are known to be small, this
work demonstrates that both processes imply a measurable yield of events at
HERA and EIC, which could be used to test these PDFs.

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