Kavli Affiliate: David W. Miller | Summary:Programmable photonic circuits are a natural platform for physical learning, where hardware parameters are trained directly from measured feedback. We propose a physical learning algorithm and architecture for continuous-variable quantum systems where a photonic circuit is trained in situ to invert an unknown lossless Gaussian quantum operation. We prove […]
Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao| Summary:Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have continuous deficiency in spatial reasoning tasks that require emphmental spatial transformation, such as reasoning under hypothetical changes in viewpoint or position, known as perspective-taking tasks. Existing approaches either scale linguistic reasoning or augment VLMs with static geometric representations, but neither directly enables active transformation of the represented […]
Kavli Affiliate: Dimitri Mawet| Summary:The deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio (D/H) has provided key insights into the origin and evolution of the Solar System. Using the James Webb Space Telescope, we detected deuterated methane at $48σ$ in a mature giant exoplanet, $ε$ Ind Ab. We measure the planet’s D/H ratio to be $(4.4 pm 0.7) times 10^-5$, which […]
Kavli Affiliate: Viatcheslav Dobrovitski | Summary:Logical qubits encoded in collective states of multiple spins are promising building blocks for large-scale semiconductor quantum processors. As novel fault-tolerant architectures increasingly rely on qubit shuttling, understanding decoherence of the shuttled multi-spin qubits becomes crucial. We analyze fidelity and leakage of the logical qubits dephased by the spatio-temporally correlated […]
Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao| Summary:Many multimodal alignment problems require mapping a source modality into a fixed space defined by a target modality, where the target space is not merely an intermediate embedding but is used directly for downstream analysis. In this setting, successful alignment should preserve both the global structure of the target distribution and […]
Kavli Affiliate: Mark Vogelsberger | Summary:Cosmological simulations within the standard cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm systematically predict higher values of the dimensionless bar-speed parameter, $boldsymbolR equiv R_mathrmcr/R_mathrmbar$ (where $R_mathrmcr$ and $R_mathrmbar$ denote the corotation radius and the bar radius, respectively), than those inferred from observations of local galaxies, a discrepancy known as the fast-bar tension. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Ruobing Dong | Summary:We propose an infrared imaging survey of resolved protoplanetary disks spanning a range of galactic environments, directly mapping the 3D structure of planet-forming disks across the IR. DMAJOR (Disk Motions and Architectures JWST Observational Reference survey), our legacy survey, will deliver a benchmark sample to reveal structure and connection to […]