Kavli Affiliate: Chao-Lin Kuo
| First 5 Authors: C. Bartram, C. Boutan, T. Braine, J. H. Buckley, T. J. Caligiure
| Summary:
From CMB polarization data alone we reconstruct the CMB lensing power
spectrum, comparable in overall constraining power to previous
temperature-based reconstructions, and an unlensed E-mode power spectrum. The
observations, taken in 2019 and 2020 with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and
the SPT-3G camera, cover 1500 deg$^2$ at 95, 150, and 220 GHz with arcminute
resolution and roughly 4.9$mu$K-arcmin coadded noise in polarization. The
power spectrum estimates, together with systematic parameter estimates and a
joint covariance matrix, follow from a Bayesian analysis using the Marginal
Unbiased Score Expansion (MUSE) method. The E-mode spectrum at $ell>2000$ and
lensing spectrum at $L>350$ are the most precise to date. Assuming the
$Lambda$CDM model, and using only these SPT data and priors on $tau$ and
absolute calibration from Planck, we find $H_0=66.81pm0.81$ km/s/Mpc,
comparable in precision to the Planck determination and in 5.4$sigma$ tension
with the most precise $H_0$ inference derived via the distance ladder. We also
find $S_8=0.850pm0.017$, providing further independent evidence of a slight
tension with low-redshift structure probes. The $Lambda$CDM model provides a
good simultaneous fit to the combined Planck, ACT, and SPT data, and thus
passes a powerful test. Combining these CMB datasets with BAO observations, we
find that the effective number of neutrino species, spatial curvature, and
primordial helium fraction are consistent with standard model values, and that
the 95% confidence upper limit on the neutrino mass sum is 0.075 eV. The SPT
data are consistent with the somewhat weak preference for excess lensing power
seen in Planck and ACT data relative to predictions of the $Lambda$CDM model.
We also detect at greater than 3$sigma$ the influence of non-linear evolution
in the CMB lensing power spectrum and discuss it in the context of the $S_8$
tension.(abridged)
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