Superfluid-tight cryogenic receiver with continuous sub-Kelvin cooling for EXCLAIM

Kavli Affiliate: Jeffrey J. McMahon

| First 5 Authors: Sumit Dahal, Peter A. R. Ade, Christopher J. Anderson, Alyssa Barlis, Emily M. Barrentine

| Summary:

The EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) is a
balloon-borne telescope designed to survey star formation over cosmological
time scales using intensity mapping in the 420 – 540 GHz frequency range.
EXCLAIM uses a fully cryogenic telescope coupled to six on-chip spectrometers
featuring kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) to achieve high sensitivity,
allowing for fast integration in dark atmospheric windows. The telescope
receiver is cooled to $approx$ 1.7 K by immersion in a superfluid helium bath
and enclosed in a superfluid-tight shell with a meta-material anti-reflection
coated silicon window. In addition to the optics and the spectrometer package,
the receiver contains the magnetic shielding, the cryogenic segment of the
spectrometer readout, and the sub-Kelvin cooling system. A three-stage
continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR) keeps the detectors at
100 mK while a $^4$He sorption cooler provides a 900 mK thermal intercept for
mechanical suspensions and coaxial cables. We present the design of the EXCLAIM
receiver and report on the flight-like testing of major receiver components,
including the superfluid-tight receiver window and the sub-Kelvin coolers.

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