The TEMPO Survey II: Science Cases Leveraged from a Proposed 30-Day Time Domain Survey of the Orion Nebula with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

Kavli Affiliate: Andrew Vanderburg

| First 5 Authors: Melinda Soares-Furtado, Mary Anne Limbach, Andrew Vanderburg, John Bally, Juliette Becker

| Summary:

The TEMPO (Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets in Orion) Survey is a
proposed 30-day observational campaign using the Nancy Grace Roman Space
Telescope. By providing deep, high-resolution, short-cadence infrared
photometry of a dynamic star-forming region, TEMPO will investigate the
demographics of exosatellites orbiting free-floating planets and brown dwarfs
— a largely unexplored discovery space. Here, we present the simulated
detection yields of three populations: extrasolar moon analogs orbiting
free-floating planets, exosatellites orbiting brown dwarfs, and exoplanets
orbiting young stars. Additionally, we outline a comprehensive range of
anticipated scientific outcomes accompanying such a survey. These science
drivers include: obtaining observational constraints to test prevailing
theories of moon, planet, and star formation; directly detecting widely
separated exoplanets orbiting young stars; investigating the variability of
young stars and brown dwarfs; constraining the low-mass end of the stellar
initial mass function; constructing the distribution of dust in the Orion
Nebula and mapping evolution in the near-infrared extinction law; mapping
emission features that trace the shocked gas in the region; constructing a
dynamical map of Orion members using proper motions; and searching for
extragalactic sources and transients via deep extragalactic observations
reaching a limiting magnitude of $m_{AB}=29.7$,mag (F146 filter).

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