Global self$-$similarity of dense granular flow in hopper: the role of hopper width

Kavli Affiliate: Li Xin Li

| First 5 Authors: Changhao Li, Xin Li, Xianggui Chen, Zaixin Wang, Min Sun

| Summary:

The influence of hopper width on dense granular flow in a two$-$dimensional
hopper is investigated through experiments and simulations. Though the flow
rate remains stable for larger hopper widths, a slight reduction in hopper
width results in a significant increase in flow rate for smaller hopper widths.
Both Beverloo(‘)s and Janda(‘)s formula accurately capture the relationship
between the flow rate and outlet size. Flow characteristics in the regions near
the outlet exhibit local self$-$similarity, supporting Beverloo and Janda’s
principles. Moreover, global self$-$similarity is analysed, indicated by the
transition in flow state from mass flow in regions far from the outlet to
funnel flow near the outlet. The earlier occurrence of this transition favors
to enhance the grain velocity and consequently increases the dense flow rate.
An exponential scaling law is proposed to describe the dependencies of flow
rate, grain velocity, and transition height between the mass flow pattern and
the funnel flow pattern on silo width.

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