Kavli Affiliate: Katia Bertoldi
| First 5 Authors: Xiaoxiao Ding, Vanessa Sanchez, Katia Bertoldi, Chris H. Rycroft,
| Summary:
Knitting interloops one-dimensional yarns into three-dimensional fabrics that
exhibit behaviours beyond their constitutive materials. How extensibility and
anisotropy emerge from the hierarchical organization of yarns into knitted
fabrics has long been unresolved. We sought to unravel the mechanical roles of
tensile mechanics, assembly and dynamics arising from the yarn level on fabric
nonlinearity by developing a yarn-based dynamical model. This physically
validated model captures the fundamental mechanical response of knitted
fabrics, analogous to flexible metamaterials and biological fiber networks due
to geometric nonlinearity within such hierarchical systems. We identify the
dictating factors of the mechanics of knitted fabrics, highlighting the
previously overlooked but critical effect of pre-tension. Fabric anisotropy
originates from observed yarn–yarn rearrangements during alignment dynamics
and is topology-dependent. This yarn-based model also provides design
flexibility of knitted fabrics to embed functionalities by allowing variation
in both geometric configuration and material property. Our hierarchical
approach to build up a knitted fabrics computationally modernizes an ancient
craft and represents a first step towards mechanical programmability of knitted
fabrics in wide engineering applications.
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