Kavli Affiliate: Giorgio Gratta | Summary:Significant effort has been devoted to searching for new fundamental forces of nature. At short length scales (below approximately 10 nm), the strongest experimental constraints come from neutron scattering from individual nuclei in gases. The leading experiments at longer length scales instead measure forces between macroscopic test masses. We propose […]
Kavli Affiliate: Oskar Painter | First 5 Authors: Srujan Meesala, Steven Wood, David Lake, Piero Chiappina, Changchun Zhong | Summary: Modern computing and communication technologies such as supercomputers and the internet are based on optically connected networks of microwave frequency information processors. In recent years, an analogous architecture has emerged for quantum networks with optically […]
Kavli Affiliate: Alexander P. Ji | First 5 Authors: Yupeng Yao, Alexander P. Ji, Sergey E. Koposov, Guilherme Limberg, | Summary: Very metal-poor stars ($rm[Fe/H] < -2$) in the Milky Way are fossil records of early chemical evolution and the assembly and structure of the Galaxy. However, they are rare and hard to find. Gaia […]
Kavli Affiliate: Lijing Shao | First 5 Authors: Zexin Hu, Xueli Miao, Lijing Shao, , | Summary: Tests of gravity are important to the development of our understanding of gravitation and spacetime. Binary pulsars provide a superb playground for testing gravity theories. In this chapter we pedagogically review the basics behind pulsar observations and pulsar […]
Kavli Affiliate: Ekaterina V. Vinogradova | Authors: Ekaterina Vinogradova, Alisa Mikhaylina, Oleg Nikonov and Ekaterina Nikonova | Summary: Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are the main enzymes of protein biosynthesis. Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase, in addition to the main function of amino acid transfer to the corresponding tRNA molecules, is also involved in the initiation of IRES I […]