Kavli Affiliate: Peter W. Graham
| First 5 Authors: Michael A. Fedderke, Peter W. Graham, Surjeet Rajendran, ,
| Summary:
A major challenge for gravitational-wave (GW) detection in the $mu$Hz band
is engineering a test mass (TM) with sufficiently low acceleration noise. We
propose a GW detection concept using asteroids located in the inner Solar
System as TMs. Our main purpose is to evaluate the acceleration noise of
asteroids in the $mu$Hz band. We show that a wide variety of environmental
perturbations are small enough to enable an appropriate class of $sim 10$
km-diameter asteroids to be employed as TMs. This would allow a sensitive GW
detector in the band $text{(few)} times 10^{-7} text{Hz} lesssim
f_{text{GW}} lesssim text{(few)} times 10^{-5} text{Hz}$, reaching strain
$h_c sim 10^{-19}$ around $f_{text{GW}} sim 10 mu$Hz, sufficient to detect
a wide variety of sources. To exploit these asteroid TMs, human-engineered base
stations could be deployed on multiple asteroids, each equipped with an
electromagnetic (EM) transmitter/receiver to permit measurement of variations
in the distance between them. We discuss a potential conceptual design with two
base stations, each with a space-qualified optical atomic clock measuring the
round-trip EM pulse travel time via laser ranging. Tradespace exists to
optimize multiple aspects of this mission: for example, using a radio-ranging
or interferometric link system instead of laser ranging. This motivates future
dedicated technical design study. This mission concept holds exceptional
promise for accessing this GW frequency band.
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