The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of mm-wave transient sources

Kavli Affiliate: David Spergel

| First 5 Authors: Sigurd Naess, Nick Battaglia, J. Richard Bond, Erminia Calabrese, Steve K. Choi

| Summary:

We report on the serendipitous discovery of three transient mm-wave sources
using data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The first, detected at RA =
273.8138, dec = -49.4628 at ${sim}50sigma$ total, brightened from less than 5
mJy to at least 1100 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time shorter than
thirteen days, during which the increase from 250 mJy to 1100 mJy took only 8
minutes. Maximum flux was observed on 2019-11-8. The source’s spectral index in
flux between 90 and 150 GHz was positive, $alpha = 1.5pm0.2$. The second,
detected at RA = 105.1584, dec = -11.2434 at ${sim}20sigma$ total, brightened
from less than 20 mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz with an unknown rise time
shorter than eight days. Maximum flux was observed on 2019-12-15. Its spectral
index was also positive, $alpha = 1.8pm0.2$. The third, detected at RA =
301.9952, dec = 16.1652 at ${sim}40sigma$ total, brightened from less than 8
mJy to at least 300 mJy at 150 GHz over a day or less but decayed over a few
days. Maximum flux was observed on 2018-9-11. Its spectrum was approximately
flat, with a spectral index of $alpha = -0.2pm0.1$. None of the sources were
polarized to the limits of these measurements. The two rising-spectrum sources
are coincident in position with M and K stars, while the third is coincident
with a G star.

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