Kavli Affiliate: Luis Ho | Summary:An intriguing puzzle in extragalactic astronomy is the scarcity of Little Red Dots (LRDs) at $z < 3$, compared to their higher abundance at earlier cosmic epochs. To investigate this, we measure the overdensity for 98 specpically confirmed LRDs at $3<z<7$, and find that these LRDs predominantly reside in under-dense […]
Kavli Affiliate: Luis Ho | Summary:An intriguing puzzle in extragalactic astronomy is the scarcity of Little Red Dots (LRDs) at $z < 3$, compared to their higher abundance at earlier cosmic epochs. To investigate this, we measure the overdensity for 98 specpically confirmed LRDs at $3<z<7$, and find that these LRDs predominantly reside in under-dense […]
Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: The Atacama Large (sub-)millimeter Array (ALMA) has been in scientific operations for almost 15 years. We celebrate this achievement by providing a summary of the “Disks and planet formation” scientific category, with an emphasis on the disks located in the nearby star-forming regions. As of the beginning of February 2026, […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kohei Inayoshi | Summary:Little red dots (LRDs) are compact high-redshift objects, newly discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Although LRDs exhibit broad Balmer emission lines suggestive of the presence of active galactic nuclei (AGN), their spectral features differ significantly from those of ordinary AGN. Recent studies suggest that their characteristics can be […]
Kavli Affiliate: Xian Chen| Summary: Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers a single scalar prediction from a large foundation model (FM) to compact vertical models (VMs), suffering from diminishing transfer ratio — the fraction of FM improvement captured by the VM — as a single scalar cannot convey the rich intermediate knowledge that larger FMs learn. To […]
Kavli Affiliate: Xian Chen| Summary: Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers a single scalar prediction from a large foundation model (FM) to compact vertical models (VMs), suffering from diminishing transfer ratio — the fraction of FM improvement captured by the VM — as a single scalar cannot convey the rich intermediate knowledge that larger FMs learn. To […]
Kavli Affiliate: Xian Chen| Summary: Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers a single scalar prediction from a large foundation model (FM) to compact vertical models (VMs), suffering from diminishing transfer ratio — the fraction of FM improvement captured by the VM — as a single scalar cannot convey the rich intermediate knowledge that larger FMs learn. To […]
Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: Infrared spectroscopy provides a powerful diagnostic for probing the mineralogical properties of dust grains in the terrestrial planet-forming regions of protoplanetary disks. The Upper Scorpius association offers an excellent laboratory for studying disk evolution because it represents an evolved stage (5-10 Myr) compared with younger star-forming regions such as the […]
Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: We consider the problem of testing mutual independence among the components of a high-dimensional random vector. Building on the rank-based max-sum framework, we introduce fixed finite-$L_q$ power-sum statistics under three general classes of rank-based correlations: simple linear rank statistics, non-degenerate rank-based U-statistics and degenerate rank-based U-statistics. The proposed statistics interpolate […]
Kavli Affiliate: Luis Ho | Summary:Obscuration from clumpy accretion-disk winds has been invoked to explain the extreme X-ray weakness and X-ray variability observed in a substantial fraction of super-Eddington accreting quasars. We present a comprehensive study of the strong X-ray variability of the super-Eddington accreting active galactic nucleus (AGN) I Zwicky 1 (I Zw 1), […]