Kavli Affiliate: Avi Shporer | First 5 Authors: Iddo Drori, Gaston Longhitano, Mao Mao, Seunghwan Hyun, Yuke Zhang | Summary: Reasoning LLMs such as OpenAI o1, o3 and DeepSeek R1 have made significant progress in mathematics and coding, yet find challenging advanced tasks such as International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) combinatorics problems, Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi Masui | First 5 Authors: Wenxiu Yang, Yitian Sun, Yougang Wang, Katelin Schutz, Yichao Li | Summary: Axions are one of the leading dark matter candidates. If we are embedded in a Milky Way dark matter halo comprised of axions, their stimulated decay would enable us to observe a counterimage (“axion gegenschein") […]
Kavli Affiliate: Michael McDonald | First 5 Authors: Michael Reefe, Michael McDonald, Marios Chatzikos, Jerome Seebeck, Richard Mushotzky | Summary: In the centers of many galaxy clusters, the hot ($sim$10$^7$ K) intracluster medium (ICM) can become dense enough that it should cool on short timescales. However, the low measured star formation rates in massive central […]
Kavli Affiliate: David A. Principe | First 5 Authors: Steven M. Silverberg, Steven M. Silverberg, , , | Summary: HL Tau is one of the most well-studied Class I young stellar objects, including frequent observations at near- and mid-infrared, (sub-) millimeter, and X-ray wavelengths. We present the results of an X-ray variability monitoring campaign with […]
Kavli Affiliate: Robert A. Simcoe | First 5 Authors: Mansi M. Kasliwal, Nicholas Earley, Roger Smith, Tristan Guillot, Tony Travouillon | Summary: We present Cryoscope — a new 50 sq. deg field-of-view, 1.2 m aperture, K-dark survey telescope to be located at Dome C, Antarctica. Cryoscope has an innovative optical-thermal design wherein the entire telescope […]
Kavli Affiliate: Robert A. Simcoe | First 5 Authors: Mansi M. Kasliwal, Nicholas Earley, Roger Smith, Tristan Guillot, Tony Travouillon | Summary: We present Cryoscope–a new 50 deg$^2$ field-of-view, 1.2 m aperture, $K_{dark}$ survey telescope to be located at Dome C, Antarctica. Cryoscope has an innovative optical-thermal design wherein the entire telescope is cryogenically cooled. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Dheeraj R. Pasham | First 5 Authors: Eric Burns, Christopher L. Fryer, Ivan Agullo, Jennifer Andrews, Elias Aydi | Summary: Astrophysical observations of the cosmos allow us to probe extreme physics and answer foundational questions on our universe. Modern astronomy is increasingly operating under a holistic approach, probing the same question with multiple […]
Kavli Affiliate: Dheeraj R. Pasham | First 5 Authors: Eric Burns, Christopher L. Fryer, Ivan Agullo, Jennifer Andrews, Elias Aydi | Summary: Astrophysical observations of the cosmos allow us to probe extreme physics and answer foundational questions on our universe. Modern astronomy is increasingly operating under a holistic approach, probing the same question with multiple […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: David D. Baek, Ziming Liu, Riya Tyagi, Max Tegmark, | Summary: In this paper, we introduce **harmonic loss** as an alternative to the standard cross-entropy loss for training neural networks and large language models (LLMs). Harmonic loss enables improved interpretability and faster convergence, owing to its scale […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: David D. Baek, David D. Baek, , , | Summary: In this paper, we introduce harmonic loss as an alternative supervisory signal for training neural networks and large language models (LLMs). Harmonic loss differs from standard cross-entropy loss by (a) replacing the usual SoftMax normalization with a […]