Kavli Affiliate: Mark Vogelsberger | First 5 Authors: Yang Ni, Hui Li, Mark Vogelsberger, Laura V. Sales, Federico Marinacci | Summary: In this work, we trace the complete life cycle of individual GMCs in high-resolution Milky Way-mass galaxy simulations to determine how different stellar feedback mechanisms and galactic-scale processes govern cloud lifetimes, mass evolution, and […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi W. Masui | First 5 Authors: Mandana Amiri, Daniel Amouyal, Bridget C. Andersen, Shion Andrew, Kevin Bandura | Summary: We present the first catalog of fast radio burst (FRB) host galaxies from CHIME/FRB Outriggers, selected uniformly in the radio and the optical by localizing 81 new bursts to 2” x ~60” accuracy […]
Kavli Affiliate: Avi Shporer | First 5 Authors: Iddo Drori, Gaston Longhitano, Mao Mao, Seunghwan Hyun, Yuke Zhang | Summary: Reasoning LLMs such as OpenAI o1, o3 and DeepSeek R1 have made significant progress in mathematics and coding, yet find challenging advanced tasks such as International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) combinatorics problems, Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus […]
Kavli Affiliate: Kiyoshi Masui | First 5 Authors: Wenxiu Yang, Yitian Sun, Yougang Wang, Katelin Schutz, Yichao Li | Summary: Axions are one of the leading dark matter candidates. If we are embedded in a Milky Way dark matter halo comprised of axions, their stimulated decay would enable us to observe a counterimage (“axion gegenschein") […]
Kavli Affiliate: Michael McDonald | First 5 Authors: Michael Reefe, Michael McDonald, Marios Chatzikos, Jerome Seebeck, Richard Mushotzky | Summary: In the centers of many galaxy clusters, the hot ($sim$10$^7$ K) intracluster medium (ICM) can become dense enough that it should cool on short timescales. However, the low measured star formation rates in massive central […]
Kavli Affiliate: Moritz Guenther | First 5 Authors: Steven M. Silverberg, Scott J. Wolk, David A. Principe, P. Christian Schneider, Hans Moritz Guenther | Summary: HL Tau is one of the most well-studied Class I young stellar objects, including frequent observations at near- and mid-infrared, (sub-) millimeter, and X-ray wavelengths. We present the results of […]
Kavli Affiliate: Robert A. Simcoe | First 5 Authors: Mansi M. Kasliwal, Nicholas Earley, Roger Smith, Tristan Guillot, Tony Travouillon | Summary: We present Cryoscope — a new 50 sq. deg field-of-view, 1.2 m aperture, K-dark survey telescope to be located at Dome C, Antarctica. Cryoscope has an innovative optical-thermal design wherein the entire telescope […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: David D. Baek, Ziming Liu, Riya Tyagi, Max Tegmark, | Summary: In this paper, we introduce **harmonic loss** as an alternative to the standard cross-entropy loss for training neural networks and large language models (LLMs). Harmonic loss enables improved interpretability and faster convergence, owing to its scale […]
Kavli Affiliate: Max Tegmark | First 5 Authors: Subhash Kantamneni, Max Tegmark, , , | Summary: Mathematical reasoning is an increasingly important indicator of large language model (LLM) capabilities, yet we lack understanding of how LLMs process even simple mathematical tasks. To address this, we reverse engineer how three mid-sized LLMs compute addition. We first […]
Kavli Affiliate: Gabor Furesz | First 5 Authors: Christopher Layden, Jill Juneau, Gustav Pettersson, Nathan Lourie, Benjamin Schneider | Summary: The Teledyne COSMOS-66 is a next-generation CMOS camera designed for astronomical imaging, featuring a large-format sensor ($8120 times 8120$ pixels, each $10 mu m$), high quantum efficiency, high frame rates, and a correlated multi-sampling mode […]