Kavli Affiliate: Wendy L. Freedman | First 5 Authors: Suhail Dhawan, Ariel Goobar, Joel Johansson, In Sung Jang, Mickael Rigault | Summary: The current Cepheid-calibrated distance ladder measurement of $H_0$ is reported to be in tension with the values inferred from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), assuming standard cosmology. However, some tip of the red […]

Kavli Affiliate: Gordan Krnjaic | First 5 Authors: John Arrington, Joshua Barrow, Brian Batell, Robert Bernstein, Nikita Blinov | Summary: This white paper presents opportunities afforded by the Fermilab Booster Replacement and its various options. Its goal is to inform the design process of the Booster Replacement about the accelerator needs of the various options, […]

Kavli Affiliate: Marcela Carena | First 5 Authors: Marcela Carena, Henry Lamm, Ying-Ying Li, Wanqiang Liu, | Summary: The quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories for the foreseeable future will be hampered by limited resources. The historical success of Symanzik-improved lattice actions in classical simulations strongly suggests that improved Hamiltonians will reduce quantum resources for […]

Kavli Affiliate: Robert Rosner | First 5 Authors: Stuart Bale, Amitava Bhattacharjee, Fausto Cattaneo, Jemes Drake, Hantao Ji | Summary: Major scientific questions and research opportunities are described on 10 unprioritized plasma astrophysics topics: (1) magnetic reconnection, (2) collisionless shocks and particle acceleration, (3) waves and turbulence, (4) magnetic dynamos, (5) interface and shear instabilities, […]

Kavli Affiliate: Paolo Privitera | First 5 Authors: Alexis Aguilar-Arevalo, Fabricio Alcalde Bessia, Nicolas Avalos, Daniel Baxter, Xavier Bertou | Summary: The Oscura experiment will lead the search for low-mass dark matter particles using a very large array of novel silicon Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) with a threshold of two electrons and with a total […]

Kavli Affiliate: Jeffrey A. Harvey | First 5 Authors: John F. R. Duncan, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Brandon C. Rayhaun, , | Summary: The Thompson sporadic group admits special relationships to modular forms of two kinds. On the one hand, last century’s generalized moonshine for the monster equipped the Thompson group with a module for which […]

Kavli Affiliate: Jeffrey A. Harvey | First 5 Authors: John F. R. Duncan, Jeffrey A. Harvey, Brandon C. Rayhaun, , | Summary: Motivated by the appearance of penumbral moonshine, and by evidence that penumbral moonshine enjoys an extensive relationship to generalized monstrous moonshine via infinite products, we establish a general construction in this work which […]

Kavli Affiliate: Daniel E. Holz | First 5 Authors: Jose María Ezquiaga, Daniel E. Holz, , , | Summary: We explore the use of the mass spectrum of neutron stars and black holes in gravitational-wave compact binary sources as a cosmological probe. These standard siren sources provide direct measurements of luminosity distance. In addition, features […]

Kavli Affiliate: Gordan Krnjaic | First 5 Authors: Peter Abbamonte, Daniel Baxter, Yonatan Kahn, Gordan Krnjaic, Noah Kurinsky | Summary: In light of recent results from low-threshold dark matter detectors, we revisit the possibility of a common dark matter origin for multiple excesses across numerous direct detection experiments, with a focus on the excess rates […]

Kavli Affiliate: Katrin Heitmann | First 5 Authors: Nicholas Frontiere, J. D. Emberson, Michael Buehlmann, Joseph Adamo, Salman Habib | Summary: We introduce CRK-HACC, an extension of the Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code (HACC), to resolve gas hydrodynamics in large-scale structure formation simulations of the universe. The new framework couples the HACC gravitational N-body solver with […]