Kavli Affiliate: Yasunori Nomura
| First 5 Authors: Kevin Langhoff, Yasunori Nomura, , ,
| Summary:
In understanding the quantum physics of a black hole, nonperturbative aspects
of gravity play important roles. In particular, huge gauge redundancies of a
gravitational theory at the nonperturbative level, which are much larger than
the standard diffeomorphism and relate even spaces with different topologies,
allow us to take different descriptions of a system. While the physical
conclusions are the same in any description, the same physics may manifest
itself in vastly different forms in descriptions based on different gauge
choices.
In this paper, we explore the relation between two such descriptions, which
we refer to as the global gauge and unitary gauge constructions. The former is
based on the global spacetime of general relativity, in which understanding
unitarity requires the inclusion of subtle nonperturbative effects of gravity.
The latter is based on a distant view of the black hole, in which unitarity is
manifest but the existence of interior spacetime is obscured. These two
descriptions are complementary. In this paper, we initiate the study of
learning aspects of one construction through the analysis of the other.
We find that the existence of near empty interior spacetime manifest in the
global gauge construction is related to the maximally chaotic, fast scrambling,
and universal dynamics of the horizon in the unitary gauge construction. We use
the complementarity of the gauge choices to understand the ensemble nature of
the gravitational path integral in global spacetime in terms of coarse graining
and thermality in a single unitary theory that does not involve any ensemble
nature at the fundamental level. We also discuss how the interior degrees of
freedom are related with those in the exterior in the two constructions. This
relation emerges most naturally as entanglement wedge reconstruction and the
effective theory of the interior in the respective constructions.
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