Kavli Affiliate: Avi Shporer
| First 5 Authors: Luca Cacciapuoti, Laura Inno, Giovanni Covone, Veselin B. Kostov, Thomas Barclay
| Summary:
We report the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) discovery of a
three-planet system around the bright Sun-like star HD~22946(V=8.3 mag),also
known as TIC~100990000, located 63 parsecs away.The system was observed by TESS
in Sectors 3, 4, 30 and 31 and two planet candidates, labelled TESS Objects of
Interest (TOIs) 411.01 (planet $c$) and 411.02 (planet $b$), were identified on
orbits of 9.57 and 4.04 days, respectively. In this work, we validate the two
planets and recover an additional single transit-like signal in the light
curve, which suggests the presence of a third transiting planet with a longer
period of about 46 days.We assess the veracity of the TESS transit signals and
use follow-up imaging and time series photometry to rule out false positive
scenarios, including unresolved binary systems, nearby eclipsing binaries or
background/foreground stars contaminating the light curves. Parallax
measurements from Gaia EDR3, together with broad-band photometry and
spectroscopic follow-up by TFOP allowed us to constrain the stellar parameters
of TOI-411, including its radius of$1.157pm0.025R_odot$. Adopting this value,
we determined the radii for the three exoplanet candidates and found that
planet $b$ is a super-Earth, with a radius of $1.72pm0.10R_oplus$, while
planet $c$ and $d$ are sub-Neptunian planets, with radii
of$2.74pm0.14R_oplus$ and $3.23pm0.19R_oplus$ respectively. By using
dynamical simulations, we assessed the stability of the system and evaluated
the possibility of the presence of other undetected, non-transiting planets by
investigating its dynamical packing. We find that the system is dynamically
stable and potentially unpacked, with enough space to host at least one more
planet between $c$ and $d$.(Abridged)
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