Kavli Affiliate: Jing Wang
| First 5 Authors: Da Song, Hong-bo Cai, Shen Wang, Jing Wang,
| Summary:
Impact flashes on the moon are caused by high-speed collisions of celestial
bodies with the lunar surface. The study of the impacts is critical for
exploring the evolutionary history and formation of the Moon, and for
quantifying the risk posed by the impacts to future human activity. Although
the impacts have been monitored from the Earth by a few projects in past 20
years, the events occurring on the lunar far side have not been explored
systematically so far. We here present an end-to-end image simulator dedicated
to detecting and monitoring the impacts from space, which is useful for future
mission design. The simulator is designed for modularity and developed in the
Python environment, which is mainly composed of four components: the flash
temporal radiation, the background emission, the telescope and the detector
used to collect and measure the radiation. Briefly speaking, with a set of
input parameters, the simulator calculates the flash radiation in the context
of the spherical droplet model and the background emission from the lunar
surface. The resulting images are then generated by the simulator after
considering a series observational effects, including the stray light,
transmission of the instrument, point spread function and multiple kinds of
noise caused by a CCD/CMOS detector. The simulator is validated by comparing
the calculation with the observations taken on the ground. The modular design
enables the simulator to be improved and enhanced by including more complex
physical models in the future, and to be flexible for other future space
missions.
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