Kavli Affiliate: Rui Costa and Darcy Peterka | Authors: Ines Rodrigues-Vaz, Vivek R. Athalye, Darcy S. Peterka and Rui M. Costa | Summary: The striatum is classically thought to modulate action vigor and reinforcement, but whether it specifies and controls ongoing actions at a fine scale remains unclear. Here, we test whether striatal activity can […]
Kavli Affiliate: Yuh Nung Jan | Authors: J. Wren Kim, Rebecca Eliscu, Adeline JH Yong, Sua Lee, Yuh Nung Jan, Taeyoung Hwang, Liana F Lareau and Nicholas T Ingolia | Summary: Neurons function within interconnected networks and must continuously adjust their firing properties to maintain stable network activity. Although these adjustments require long-lasting molecular changes, […]
Kavli Affiliate: Jeanne Paz | Authors: Isaac Y.M. Chang and Jeanne T. Paz | Summary: Coordinated movement relies on interactions between the basal ganglia and the thalamus, yet the circuits linking these structures are not fully understood. Here, we dissect a non-canonical basal ganglia output pathway, from the external globus pallidus (GPe) to the nucleus […]
Kavli Affiliate: Anna Frebel | Summary:Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP; with $rm[Fe/H] le -2.0$ and $rm[C/Fe] ge 0.7$) stars preserve information about early chemical enrichment, low-mass star formation, and the hierarchical assembly of galaxies. In this study, we have compiled an extensive literature sample of 1032 stellar carbon abundances spanning the metal-poor Milky Way halo (437 stars), […]
Kavli Affiliate: Debanjan Chowdhury | Summary:We study a simplified model of a ferromagnetic metal proximitized by a fully-gapped $s-$wave superconductor and integrated with a microwave resonator. The low-energy excitations in the combined system consist of ferromagnetic magnons, Bogoliubov excitations of the superconductor, and cavity photons. We show here that when the magnons and photons have […]
Kavli Affiliate: Luis Ho | Summary:We present a spatially resolved chemical abundance analysis of 2291 star-forming galaxies at $z leq 0.1$, spanning nearly four orders of magnitude in stellar mass ($8 le rm log (M_star/M_odot) le 11.5$), by exploiting the multi-fibre spectra from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) as a sparse integral field spectrograph. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Debanjan Chowdhury | Summary:The periodic table of elements transformed chemistry by revealing simple organizing principles underlying atomic behavior. Despite decades of effort, no analogous framework has emerged for crystalline materials — their microscopic complexity and vast configurational space have defied reduction to fundamental organizing principles. Current databases catalog thousands of synthesized materials, but […]
Kavli Affiliate: Claudio Ricci | Summary:This chapter presents an overview of the unification models for Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), focusing on the physical structures, classification schemes, and evolutionary processes that characterize accreting supermassive black holes. We introduce the fundamental components of AGN, including the supermassive black hole, accretion disk, jets, outflows, broad-line and narrow-line regions, […]
Kavli Affiliate: Damon Clark | Authors: Harsh Vashistha, Natalia CB Matos, Heng Wu and Damon A Clark | Summary: Detecting approaching objects is essential for survival, and studies across animals have identified neurons and circuits selective for objects that grow in size over time, a hallmark of visual approach. However, approach as a physical process […]
Kavli Affiliate: Dhruv Grover | Authors: Woochan Choi, Shyam Srinivasan and Dhruv Grover | Summary: Learning often requires inference over hidden task structure, including features that predict outcomes. In mammals, prediction-error signaling by midbrain dopamine neurons is considered central to learning, but how these neurons reflect the progression and stability of learning remains unclear. Using […]