Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao| Summary:Prompt tuning has become a prominent strategy for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks. Many IT enterprises now offer Prompt-Tuning-as-a-Service to fulfill the growing demand for prompt tuning LLMs on downstream tasks. Their primary objective is to satisfy users Service Level Objectives (SLOs) while reducing resource […]
Kavli Affiliate: Wei Gao| Summary:Relativistic Hartree-Fock theory is combined with the Green’s function method in coordinate space to study both single-particle bound and resonant states within a unified framework. Within this approach, single-particle resonance energies and widths are unambiguously extracted from the density of states, and the influence of the Coulomb exchange effects on proton […]
Kavli Affiliate: Mazen Kheirbek | Authors: Joshua X Bratsch-Prince, Mingyang Wei, Srutika Sureshbabu, Vivan Chhaya, Nuria Cano Adamuz, Kelsey Logas and Mazen Kheirbek | Summary: In uncertain, threatening environments, rapid and flexible behavioral decisions are essential for survival. The ventral CA1 region of the hippocampus encodes threatening contexts and can regulate avoidance-related behaviors. While activity […]
Kavli Affiliate: Rui Costa | Authors: Martha G Garcia-Garcia, Michal Jozef Wojcik, Srijan Thota, Luke Drake, Amma Otchere, Oluwatobi Akinwale, Lizmaylin Ramos, Rui Ponte Costa and Mark J Wagner | Summary: To learn effectively, animals must generalize across yet distinguish between related contexts. Generalization relies on low-dimensional neural manifolds found throughout neocortex1–3, which accelerate learning […]
Kavli Affiliate: Dheeraj Pasham | Summary:Extragalactic nuclear transients that exhibit repeating outbursts can be modeled as the repeated dynamical interaction between bound stars and supermassive black holes (SMBHs). A subset of these transients, with recurrence timescales of months-to-years, have been explained as accretion flares from the repeated tidal stripping of a star by an SMBH, […]
Kavli Affiliate: Ulrich Sperhake | Summary:Black holes and gravitational waves are consequences of the nonlinear character of the Einstein equations. Yet, the remarkable properties of General Relativity point to the existence of other effects. Here we uncover new nonlinear facets of gravity. We establish higher harmonic generation, spectral broadening and focusing in the Einstein Klein-Gordon […]
Kavli Affiliate: Lina Necib | Summary:In the context of increasing appreciation for the coupling between the Galactic bar and the halo, we introduce a new framework using stars trapped in resonance with the bar to probe the Galactic dark matter subhalo population. Since resonant stars occupy a finite width in action space, perturbations from subhaloes […]
Kavli Affiliate: Martin Haehnelt | Summary:Among the most compelling cold dark matter candidates, the axion has recently been subject to a wide range of astrophysical studies aiming to constraints its properties. We present updated bounds on the isocurvature fraction, $f_rmiso$, which parameterizes the contribution of isocurvature perturbations induced by post-inflationary produced axion-like particles (ALPs) to […]
Kavli Affiliate: Risa Wechsler | Summary:A complete picture of the gas thermodynamics around galaxies is imprinted on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Indeed, the thermal, kinematic, and relativistic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effects (tSZ, kSZ, rSZ) measure the gas density, temperature, pressure of baryonic feedback and bulk velocity around galaxies, along with the gravitational potential it sits in. […]
Kavli Affiliate: Feng Long| Summary: We introduce Latent Space Distribution Matching (LSDM), a novel framework for semi-supervised generative modeling of conditional distributions. LSDM operates in two stages: (i) learning a low-dimensional latent space from both paired and unpaired data, and (ii) performing joint distribution matching in this space via the 1-Wasserstein distance, using only paired […]