Kavli Affiliate: Robert A. Simcoe
| First 5 Authors: Alberto Torralba, Alberto Torralba, , ,
| Summary:
The population of the Little Red Dots (LRDs) may represent a key phase of
supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth. A cocoon of dense excited gas is
emerging as key component to explain the most striking properties of LRDs, such
as strong Balmer breaks and Balmer absorption, as well as the weak IR emission.
To dissect the structure of LRDs, we analyze new deep JWST/NIRSpec PRISM and
G395H spectra of FRESCO-GN-9771, one of the most luminous known LRDs at
$z=5.5$. These reveal a strong Balmer break, broad Balmer lines and very narrow
[O III] emission. We unveil a forest of optical [Fe II] lines, which we argue
is emerging from a dense ($n_rm H=10^9-10$ cm$^-3$) warm layer with
electron temperature $T_rm eapprox7000$ K. The broad wings of H$alpha$ and
H$beta$ have an exponential profile due to electron scattering in this same
layer. The high $rm Halpha:Hbeta:Hgamma$ flux ratio of $approx10.4:1:0.14$
is an indicator of collisional excitation and resonant scattering dominating
the Balmer line emission. A narrow H$gamma$ component, unseen in the other two
Balmer lines due to outshining by the broad components, could trace the ISM of
a normal host galaxy with a star formation rate $sim5$ M$_odot$ yr$^-1$.
The warm layer is mostly opaque to Balmer transitions, producing a
characteristic P-Cygni profile in the line centers suggesting outflowing
motions. This same layer is responsible for shaping the Balmer break. The
broad-band spectrum can be reasonably matched by a simple photoionized slab
model that dominates the $lambda>1500$ AA continuum and a low mass
($sim10^8$ M$_odot$) galaxy that could explain the narrow [O III], with
only subdominant contribution to the UV continuum. Our findings indicate that
Balmer lines are not directly tracing gas kinematics near the SMBH and that the
BH mass scale is likely much lower than virial indicators suggest.
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