Kavli Affiliate: Carlos E. M. Wagner
| First 5 Authors: Anibal D. Medina, Nicolás I. Mileo, Alejandro Szynkman, Santiago A. Tanco, Carlos E. M. Wagner
| Summary:
Gauge anomalous quantum field theories are inconsistent as full UV theories
since they lead to the breaking of Lorentz invariance or Unitarity, as well as
non-renormalizability. It is well known, however, that they can be interpreted
as effective field theories (EFT) with a cut-off. The latter cannot be made
arbitrarily large and it is related to the energy scale at which additional
fermions with suitable gauge charges enter, rendering the full model
anomaly-free. A nondecoupling effect that remains in the EFT is the appearance
of anomalous loop-induced triple-gauge couplings, encapsulating information
from the full UV theory. In this work we take as an example an Abelian gauge
symmetry $U(1)’_mu$ under which $2^{nd}$-generation leptons are axially
charged, leading to an EFT that consists of the Standard Model (SM) with an
additional massive $Z’$ gauge boson. As a consequence, there are triple gauge
couplings involving the $Z’$ and Electroweak SM gauge bosons via mixed gauge
anomalies. We study the possibility of probing these loop suppressed anomalous
couplings at hadron and lepton colliders, with $Z’$-lepton couplings allowed by
current experimental bounds, finding that due to the large SM backgrounds and
small signal, the HL-LHC is incapable of this task. The 100 TeV $pp$ collider
at $mathcal{L}=20~mathrm {ab}^{-1}$ on the other hand could probe anomalous
couplings for $m_{Z’}in[150,800]~mathrm{GeV}$ and obtain discovery
significances for $m_{Z’}in[230,330]~mathrm{GeV}$. Lepton colliders are also
well suited for probing these anomalous couplings. In particular we show that a
muon collider running at the $Z’$-resonance and an electron-positron collider
such as CLIC with $sqrt{s}=3~{rm TeV}$ can be complimentary in probing the
anomalous couplings for $m_{Z’}in[100,700]~{rm GeV}$, with CLIC sensitive to
discovery for $m_{Z’}in[125,225]~{rm GeV}$.
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