Kavli Affiliate: Chiara Daraio
| First 5 Authors: Israel Kellersztein, Daniel Tish, John Pederson, Martin Bechthold, Chiara Daraio
| Summary:
Extrusion 3D-printing of biopolymers and natural fiber-based biocomposites
allows for the fabrication of complex structures, ranging from gels for
healthcare applications to eco-friendly structural materials. However,
traditional polymer extrusion demands high-energy consumption to pre-heat the
slurries and reduce material viscosity. Additionally, natural fiber
reinforcement often requires harsh treatments to improve adhesion to the
matrix. Here, we overcome these challenges by introducing a systematic
framework to fabricate natural biocomposite materials via a sustainable and
scalable process. Using Chlorella vulgaris microalgae as the matrix, we
optimize the bioink composition and the 3D-printing process to fabricate
multifunctional, lightweight, hierarchical materials. A systematic dehydration
approach prevents cracking and failure of the 3D-printed structure, maintaining
a continuous morphology of aggregated microalgae cells that can withstand high
shear forces during processing. Hydroxyethyl cellulose acts as a binder and
reinforcement for Chlorella cells, leading to biocomposites with a bending
stiffness above 1.5 GPa. The Chlorella biocomposites demonstrate isotropic heat
transfer, functioning as effective thermal insulators with a thermal
conductivity of 0.10 W/mK at room temperature. These materials show promise in
applications requiring balanced thermal insulation and structural capabilities,
positioning them as a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in
response to increasing global materials demand.
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