Kavli Affiliate: Michael McDonald
| First 5 Authors: Arnab Sarkar, Priyanka Chakraborty, Mark Vogelsberger, Michael McDonald, Paul Torrey
| Summary:
We present star formation rates (SFR), the mass-metallicity relation (MZR),
and the SFR-dependent MZR across redshifts 4 to 10 using 81 star-forming
galaxies observed by the JWST NIRSpec employing both low-resolution PRISM and
medium-resolution gratings, including galaxies from the JADES GOODS-N and
GOODS-S fields, the JWST-PRIMAL Legacy Survey, and additional galaxies from the
literature in Abell 2744, SMACS-0723, RXJ2129, BDF, COSMOS, and MACS1149
fields. These galaxies span a 3 dex stellar mass range of $10^7 <
M_{ast}/M_{odot} < 10^{10}$, with an average SFR of $7.2 pm 1.2 M_{odot}
{rm yr}^{-1}$ and an average metallicity of $12+{rm log(O/H)} = 7.91 pm
0.08$. Our findings align with previous observations up to $z=8$ for the MZR
and indicate no deviation from local universe FMR up to this redshift. Beyond
$z=8$, we observe a significant deviation $sim 0.27$ dex) in FMR, consistent
with recent JWST findings. We also integrate CEERS (135 galaxies) and JADES (47
galaxies) samples with our data to study metallicity evolution with redshift in
a combined sample of 263 galaxies, revealing a decreasing metallicity trend
with a slope of $0.067 pm 0.013$, consistent with IllustrisTNG and EAGLE, but
contradicts with FIRE simulations. We introduce an empirical
mass-metallicity-redshift (MZ-$z$ relation): $12+{rm log(O/H)}=6.29 + 0.237
times{rm log}(M_{ast}/M_{odot}) – 0.06 times (1+z)$, which accurately
reproduces the observed trends in metallicity with both redshift and stellar
mass. This trend underscores the “Grand Challenge” in understanding the
factors driving high-redshift galactic metallicity trends, such as inflow,
outflow, and AGN/stellar feedback — and emphasizes the need for further
investigations with larger samples and enhanced simulations.
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